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arxiv: 1811.04660 · v2 · pith:C5RY6522new · submitted 2018-11-12 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE

Measurement of the average shape of longitudinal profiles of cosmic-ray air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Collaboration: A. Aab , P. Abreu , M. Aglietta , I.F.M. Albuquerque , J.M. Albury , I. Allekotte , A. Almela , J. Alvarez Castillo
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J. Alvar ez-Mu\~niz G.A. Anastasi L. Anchordoqui B. Andrada S. Andringa C. Aramo H. Asorey P. Assis G. Avila A.M. Badescu A. Bakalova A. Balaceanu F. Barbato R.J. Barreira Luz S. Baur K.H. Becker J.A. Bellido C. Berat M.E. Bertaina X. Bertou P.L. Biermann J. Biteau S.G. Blaess A. Blanco J. Blazek C. Bleve M. Boh\'a\v{c}ov\'a D. Boncioli C. Bonifazi N. Borodai A.M. Botti J. Brack T. Bretz A. Bridgeman F.L. Briechle P. Buchholz A. Bueno S. Buitink M. Buscemi K.S. Caballero-Mora L. Caccianiga L. Calcagni A. Cancio F. Canfora J.M. Carceller R. Caruso A. Castellina F. Ca talani G. Cataldi L. Cazon J.A. Chinellato J. Chudoba L. Chytka R.W. Clay A.C. Cobos Cerutti R. Colalillo A. Coleman M.R. Coluccia R. Conce i\c{c}\~ao A. Condorelli G. Consolati F. Contreras M.J. Cooper S. Coutu C.E. Covault B. Daniel S. Dasso K. Daumiller B.R. Dawson J.A. Day R.M. d e Almeida S.J. De Jong G. De Mauro J.R.T. de Mello Neto I. De Mitri J. de Oliveira F.O. de Oliveira Salles V. de Souza J. Debatin O. Deligny N. Dhital M.L. D\'iaz Castro F. Diogo C. Dobrigkeit J.C. D'Olivo Q. Dorosti R.C. dos Anjos M.T. Dova A. Dundovic J. Ebr R. Engel M. Erdmann C.O. Escobar A. Etchegoyen H. Falcke J. Farmer G. Farrar A.C. Fauth N. Fazzini F. Feldbusch F. Fenu L.P. Ferreyro J.M. Figueira A. Filip\v{c}i \v{c} M.M. Freire T. Fujii A. Fuster B. Garc\'ia H. Gemmeke A. Gherghel-Lascu P.L. Ghia U. Giaccari M. Giammarchi M. Giller D. G{\l}as J. Glombitza G. Golup M. G\'omez Berisso P.F. G\'omez Vitale N. Gonz\'alez I. Goos D. G\'ora A. Gorgi M. Gottowik T.D. Grubb F. Guarino G.P. Guedes E. Guido R. Halliday M.R. Hampel P. Hansen D. Harari T.A. Harrison V.M. Harvey A. Haungs T. Hebbeker D. Heck P. Heimann G.C. Hill C. Hojvat E.M. Ho lt P. Homola J.R. H\"orandel P. Horvath M. Hrabovsk\'y T. Huege J. Hulsman A. Insolia P.G. Isar I. Jandt J.A. Johnsen M. Josebachuili J. Jurys ek A. K\"a\"ap\"a K.H. Kampert B. Keilhauer N. Kemmerich J. Kemp H.O. Klages M. Kleifges J. Kleinfeller R. Krause D. Kuempel G. Kukec Mezek A. K uotb Awad B.L. Lago D. LaHurd R.G. Lang R. Legumina M.A. Leigui de Oliveira V. Lenok A. Letessier-Selvon I. Lhenry-Yvon O.C. Lippmann D. Lo Presti L. Lopes R. L\'opez A. L\'opez Casado R. Lorek Q. Luce A. Lucero M. Malacari G. Mancarella D. Mandat B.C. Manning P. Mantsch A.G. Maria zzi I.C. Mari\c{s} G. Marsella D. Martello H. Martinez O. Mart\'inez Bravo M. Mastrodicasa H.J. Mathes S. Mathys J. Matthews G. Matthiae E. Mayot te P.O. Mazur G. Medina-Tanco D. Melo A. Menshikov K.-D. Merenda S. Michal M.I. Micheletti L. Middendorf L. Miramonti B. Mitrica D. Mockler S. Mollerach F. Montanet C. Morello G. Morlino M. Mostaf\'a A.L. M\"uller M.A. Muller S. M\"uller R. Mussa L. Nellen P.H. Nguyen M. Niculescu-O glinzanu M. Niechciol D. Nitz D. Nosek V. Novotny L. No\v{z}ka A Nucita L.A. N\'u\~nez A. Olinto M. Palatka J. Pallotta M.P. Panetta P. Papenbreer G. Parente A. Parra M. Pech F. Pedreira J. P\k{e}kala R. Pelayo J. Pe\~na-Rodriguez L.A.S. Pereira M. Perlin L. Perrone C. Peters S. Petrera J . Phuntsok T. Pierog M. Pimenta V. Pirronello M. Platino J. Poh B. Pont C. Porowski R.R. Prado P. Privitera M. Prouza A. Puyleart S. Querc hfeld S. Quinn R. Ramos-Pollan J. Rautenberg D. Ravignani M. Reininghaus J. Ridky F. Riehn M. Risse P. Ristori V. Rizi W. Rodrigues de Carv alho J. Rodriguez Rojo M.J. Roncoroni M. Roth E. Roulet A.C. Rovero P. Ruehl S.J. Saffi A. Saftoiu F. Salamida H. Salazar A. Saleh G. Sali na J.D. Sanabria Gomez F. S\'anchez E.M. Santos E. Santos F. Sarazin R. Sarmento C. Sarmiento-Cano R. Sato P. Savina M. Schauer V. Scherini H. Schieler M. Schimassek M. Schimp F. Schl\"uter D. Schmidt O. Scholten P. Schov\'anek F.G. Schr\"oder S. Schr\"oder J. Schumacher S.J. Sciutto M. Scornavacche R.C. Shellard G. Sigl G. Silli O. Sima R. \v{S}m\'ida G.R. Snow P. Sommers J.F. Soriano J. Souchard R. Squartini D. Stanca S. Stan i\v{c} J. Stasielak P. Stassi M. Stolpovskiy A. Streich F. Suarez M. Su\'arez-Dur\'an T. Sudholz T. Suomij\"arvi A.D. Supanitsky J. \v{S}up\'ik Z. Szadkows ki A. Taboada O.A. Taborda A. Tapia C. Timmermans C.J. Todero Peixoto B. Tom\'e G. Torralba Elipe P. Travnicek M. Trini M. Tueros R. Ulrich M. Unger M. Urban J.F. Vald\'es Galicia I. Vali\~no L. Valore P. van Bodegom A.M. van den Berg A. van Vliet E. Varela B. Vargas C\'ardenas R.A. V\'a zquez D. Veberi\v{c} C. Ventura I.D. Vergara Quispe V. Verzi J. Vicha L. Villase\~nor J. Vink S. Vorobiov H. Wahlberg A.A. Watson M. Weber A. We indl M. Wiede\'nski L. Wiencke H. Wilczy\'nski T. Winchen M. Wirtz D. Wittkowski B. Wundheiler L. Yang A. Yushkov E. Zas D. Zavrtanik M. Zavrt anik L. Zehrer A. Zepeda B. Zimmermann M. Ziolkowski Z. Zong F. Zuccarello
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keywords averageprofileatmosphericaugerinteractionlongitudinalmeasurementobservatory
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The profile of the longitudinal development of showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays carries information related to the interaction properties of the primary particles with atmospheric nuclei. In this work, we present the first measurement of the average shower profile in traversed atmospheric depth at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The shapes of profiles are well reproduced by the Gaisser-Hillas parametrization within the range studied, for E > 10^{17.8} eV. A detailed analysis of the systematic uncertainties is performed using 10 years of data and a full detector simulation. The average shape is quantified using two variables related to the width and asymmetry of the profile, and the results are compared with predictions of hadronic interaction models for different primary particles.

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