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Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate are severely constrained by the Galactic Center 511 keV gamma-ray line
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abstract
We derive the strongest constraint on the fraction of dark matter that can be composed of low mass primordial black holes by using the observation of the Galactic Center 511 keV gamma-ray line. Primordial black holes of masses $\lesssim$ 10$^{15}$ kg will evaporate to produce $e^\pm$ pairs. The positrons will lose energy in the Galactic Center, become non-relativistic, and then annihilate with the ambient electrons. We derive robust and conservative bounds by assuming that the rate of positron injection via primordial black hole evaporation is less than what is required to explain the SPI/ INTEGRAL observation of the Galactic Center 511 keV gamma-ray line. Depending on the primordial black hole mass function and other astrophysical uncertainties, these constraints are the most stringent in the literature and show that primordial black holes contribute to less than 1\% of the dark matter density. Our technique also probes part of the mass range which was completely unconstrained by previous studies.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Primordial black holes as cosmic accelerators of light dark matter: Novel direct detection constraints
Primordial black hole evaporation generates light fermionic dark matter capable of producing electron recoils in XENONnT, LZ, and PandaX-4T, enabling new constraints on DM-electron interactions after including Earth a...
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
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Relaxation of Energy Constraints for Positrons Generating the Galactic Annihilation Signal
A full forward model of INTEGRAL, COMPTEL, and EGRET data relaxes the upper limit on positron injection energy for the Galactic 511 keV signal from a few MeV to roughly 40-60 MeV.
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Primordial black holes from Q-balls produced in a first-order phase transition
Bosons trapped in false-vacuum remnants of a dark first-order phase transition can form Q-balls that collapse into primordial black holes, producing correlated gravitational-wave and gamma-ray signals.
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Probing Memory-Burdened Primordial Black Holes with Galactic Sources observed by LHAASO
LHAASO spectra of four Galactic sources are used to set upper limits on the abundance of memory-burdened primordial black holes lighter than 10^9 g.
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Anisotropic Neutrino Emission from Spinning, Moving, and Charged Primordial Black Holes
Kerr-Newman black holes moving relativistically emit neutrinos in a narrow forward cone, a combination of known spin and Doppler effects.
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