OSNR limitations of chip-based optical frequency comb sources for WDM coherent communications

Christian Koos; Juned N. Kemal; Pablo Marin-Palomo; Sebastian Randel; Wolfgang Freude

arxiv: 1907.01042 · v1 · pith:Y5BAMKIYnew · submitted 2019-07-01 · 📡 eess.SP · physics.optics

OSNR limitations of chip-based optical frequency comb sources for WDM coherent communications

Pablo Marin-Palomo , Juned N. Kemal , Wolfgang Freude , Sebastian Randel , Christian Koos This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 11:26 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 📡 eess.SP physics.optics

keywords optical frequency combsWDM coherent communicationsOSNR limitationssoliton Kerr combchip-based comb sourcescarrier-to-noise ratiomulti-wavelength carriers

0 comments

The pith

Chip-based optical frequency combs impose OSNR limits on WDM systems that switch between source-dominated and link-dominated regimes.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper examines how the power in each comb line and its carrier-to-noise ratio shape the end-to-end signal quality when many comb tones carry data in parallel over a wavelength-division multiplexed link. It separates the operating space into cases where the comb generator itself sets the reachable distance, allowable modulation format, and symbol rate from cases where the fiber transmission link sets those quantities instead. This separation matters because it shows when improving the comb source will directly extend system performance and when further comb improvements bring no benefit. The authors then compute the OSNR values and resulting channel capacities that follow when soliton Kerr comb tones serve as the carriers. A reader would care because the analysis supplies concrete boundaries for replacing banks of separate lasers with a single compact comb source in coherent systems.

Core claim

We distinguish two regimes of operation depending on whether the comb source or the transmission link limits the performance of the system, i.e., defines the link reach, restricts the choice of modulation format and sets the maximum symbol rate. Finally, we investigate the achievable OSNR and channel capacity when using the tones of a soliton Kerr frequency comb as multi-wavelength carriers for WDM systems.

What carries the argument

The distinction between comb-source-limited and transmission-link-limited regimes based on comb line power and carrier-to-noise ratio.

If this is right

In the comb-source-limited regime the source defines link reach and restricts modulation formats and symbol rates.
In the link-limited regime the transmission fiber instead sets reach, format, and rate.
Soliton Kerr combs used as carriers yield specific achievable OSNR values that bound channel capacity.
The regime distinction directly predicts when further comb improvements will increase system performance.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

System designers could target comb output power to shift the regime crossover and thereby relax other link constraints.
The same regime logic could be tested on non-soliton comb generators if their line power and noise statistics are measured similarly.
Real-time monitoring of per-line power and noise might allow dynamic switching between regimes in deployed networks.

Load-bearing premise

Models that convert individual comb line power and carrier-to-noise ratio into overall system OSNR are assumed without supplying explicit noise propagation or power budget equations.

What would settle it

A laboratory measurement of end-to-end OSNR and bit-error rate in a multi-channel WDM link driven by a soliton Kerr comb that shows the predicted crossover point between source-limited and link-limited behavior.

read the original abstract

Optical frequency combs have the potential to become key building blocks of optical communication subsystems. The strictly equidistant, narrow-band spectral lines of a frequency comb can serve both as carriers for massively parallel data transmission and as local oscillator for coherent reception. Recent experiments have demonstrated the viability of various chip-based comb generator concepts for communication applications, offering transmission capacities of tens of Tbit/s. Here, we investigate the influence of the comb line power and of the carrier-to-noise power ratio on the performance of a frequency comb in a WDM system. We distinguish two regimes of operation depending on whether the comb source or the transmission link limits the performance of the system, i.e., defines the link reach, restricts the choice of modulation format and sets the maximum symbol rate. Finally, we investigate the achievable OSNR and channel capacity when using the tones of a soliton Kerr frequency comb as multi-wavelength carriers for WDM systems.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper maps comb vs link limited regimes for soliton Kerr combs in WDM but the boundary depends on power-budget models that the abstract leaves implicit.

read the letter

The main point is that this work separates cases where the comb source itself sets the OSNR floor from cases where the fiber link does, then estimates capacity for soliton Kerr combs as carriers. That distinction is the concrete output an engineer could use when sizing comb line power or CNR targets. The analysis stays within standard OSNR and capacity formulas applied to chip-scale combs, building directly on the recent transmission experiments the authors cite. It gives a clear framing for when modulation format or symbol rate choices are constrained by the source rather than the channel. The modeling appears straightforward and the capacity numbers are presented as achievable limits under those assumptions. The soft spot is exactly the one the stress-test flags: the regime boundary requires an explicit link from comb CNR and line power through amplification, fiber loss, and noise accumulation to delivered OSNR. The abstract states the distinction but does not show the power-budget equations or noise-figure propagation steps. If the full manuscript supplies those derivations and any supporting simulations or measurements, the claim holds; if not, the separation stays qualitative. No circular fitting or invented parameters show up in the description. This is a targeted systems paper for readers already working on integrated comb sources or WDM coherent links who need order-of-magnitude guidance on source specs. It is not aimed at readers looking for new device physics or broad capacity records. The work is coherent on its own terms and engages the existing literature, so it merits sending to referees who can check the missing equations and any numerical examples. I would not cite it in my own papers but would want the modeling details clarified before deciding on its long-term utility.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript investigates the influence of comb line power and carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) on the performance of chip-based optical frequency comb sources in WDM coherent systems. It distinguishes two regimes of operation (comb-source-limited versus link-limited) that determine link reach, modulation format, and symbol rate, and evaluates the achievable OSNR and channel capacity when soliton Kerr comb tones serve as multi-wavelength carriers.

Significance. If the regime boundaries and capacity limits were derived from explicit power budgets and noise models, the work would offer practical design guidelines for comb-based WDM systems. The topic is relevant to high-capacity optical communications, but the absence of the required quantitative mappings limits the strength of the conclusions.

major comments (1)

The distinction between comb-source-limited and link-limited regimes requires an explicit mapping from comb line power and CNR to delivered system OSNR after amplification, fiber propagation, and detection. No power-budget equations, noise-figure propagation model, or CNR-to-OSNR relation is provided, so the regime classification remains an assertion rather than a derived result.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the detailed review and constructive criticism. We agree that the regime distinction would benefit from explicit quantitative derivations and will revise the manuscript to address this.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: The distinction between comb-source-limited and link-limited regimes requires an explicit mapping from comb line power and CNR to delivered system OSNR after amplification, fiber propagation, and detection. No power-budget equations, noise-figure propagation model, or CNR-to-OSNR relation is provided, so the regime classification remains an assertion rather than a derived result.

Authors: We acknowledge that the current manuscript presents the two regimes conceptually without deriving the boundaries from explicit power budgets and noise models. In the revision we will add the required mappings: (i) a link power budget relating comb-line power and CNR to received OSNR after EDFA amplification and fiber loss, (ii) a noise-figure propagation model for cascaded amplifiers, and (iii) the explicit CNR-to-OSNR conversion that accounts for the comb-line linewidth and receiver noise. These additions will allow the regime boundaries to be calculated rather than asserted and will directly support the stated conclusions on link reach, modulation format, and symbol rate. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; regime distinction is conceptual without self-referential reduction

full rationale

The paper's central claim distinguishes comb-source-limited vs. link-limited regimes based on comb line power and CNR influencing OSNR, but the supplied abstract and text contain no equations, fitted parameters presented as predictions, or self-citations that reduce this distinction to its own inputs by construction. No self-definitional loops, ansatz smuggling, or renaming of known results appear. The derivation chain is self-contained as a high-level framework; any mapping from CNR to OSNR would require external models or explicit power-budget equations not shown here to be circular. This matches the default expectation for non-circular papers.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

No full manuscript available; cannot identify free parameters, axioms, or invented entities from abstract alone.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5698 in / 891 out tokens · 22835 ms · 2026-05-25T11:26:41.342071+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

31 extracted references · 31 canonical work pages

[1]

Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast G.E. Keiser, “A review of WDM technology and applications,

Cisco Visual Networking. “Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast G.E. Keiser, “A review of WDM technology and applications,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 5, 3–39 (1999)

work page 1999
[2]

Single-laser 32.5 Tbit/s Nyquist WDM transmission,

D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, M. Meyer, S. Wolf, M. Jordan, P. Kleinow, N. Lindenmann, P. C. Schindler, A. Melikyan, X. Yang, S. Ben-Ezra, B. Nebendahl, M. Dreschmann, J. Meyer, F. Parmi- giani, P. Petropoulos, B. Resan, A. Oehler, K. Weingarten, L. Al- tenhain, T. Ellermeyer, M. Moeller, M. Huebner, J. Becker, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Single-...

work page 2012
[3]

Ultrahigh count coherent WDM channels transmission using optical parametric comb-based frequency synthesizer,

V. Ataie, E. Temprana, L. Liu, E. Myslivets, B. P.-P. Kuo, N. Alic, and S. Radic, “Ultrahigh count coherent WDM channels transmission using optical parametric comb-based frequency synthesizer,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33, 694–699 (2015)

work page 2015
[4]

2.15 Pb/s transmission using a 22 core homogeneous single-mode multi-core fiber and wideband optical comb,

B. J. Puttnam, R. S. Luís, W. Klaus, J. Sakaguchi, J.-M. Delga- do Mendinueta, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, Y. Tamura, T. Hayashi, M. Hirano, and J. Marciante, “2.15 Pb/s transmission using a 22 core homogeneous single-mode multi-core fiber and wideband optical comb,” in European Conference on Optical Communi- cation (ECOC, 2015), paper PDP 3.1

work page 2015
[5]

Coherent terabit com- munications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. Kippenberg, and C. Koos,"Coherent terabit com- munications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs." Nat. Photonics 8, 375-380 (2014)

work page 2014
[6]

Microresonator-based solitons for mas- sively parallel coherent optical communications

P. Marin-Palomo, J. N. Kemal, M. Karpov, A. Kordts, J. Pfeifle, M. H. P. Pfeiffer, P. Trocha, S. Wolf, V. Brasch, M. H. Anderson, R. Rosenberger, K. Vijayan, W. Freude, T. J. Kip- penberg, and C. Koos, "Microresonator-based solitons for mas- sively parallel coherent optical communications." Nature 546, 274-279, (2017)

work page 2017
[7]

High-order coherent communications using mode-locked dark-pulse Kerr combs from microresonators

A. Fülop, M. Mazur, A. Lorences-Riesgo, O. B. Helgason, P.- H. Wang, Y. Xuan, D. E. Leaird, M. Qi, P. A. Andrekson, A. M. Weiner, and V. Torres-Company, “High-order coherent communications using mode-locked dark-pulse Kerr combs from microresonators.” Nat. Commun. 9, 1598 (2018)

work page 2018
[8]

Single-source chip-based frequency comb enabling extreme parallel data transmission,

H. Hu, F. Da Ros, M. Pu, F. Ye, K. Ingerslev, E. Porto da Silva, M. Nooruzzaman, Y. Amma, Y. Sasaki, T. Mizuno, Y. Miya- moto, L. Ottaviano, E. Semenova, P. Guan, D. Zibar, M. Galili, K. Yvind, T. Morioka, and L. K. Oxenløwe, “Single-source chip-based frequency comb enabling extreme parallel data transmission,” Nat. Photonics 12, 469-473 (2018)

work page 2018
[9]

Pfeifle, V

J. Pfeifle, V. Vujicic, R.T. Watts, P.C. Schindler, C. Weimann, R. Zhou, W. Freude, L.P. Barry, C. Koos, Flexible terabit/s Nyquist-WDM super-channels using a gain-switched comb source, Opt Express. 23 (2015) 724–738. doi:10.1364/OE.23.000724

work page doi:10.1364/oe.23.000724 2015
[10]

Kemal, J

J.N. Kemal, J. Pfeifle, P. Marin-Palomo, M.D.G. Pascual, S. Wolf, F. Smyth, W. Freude, C. Koos, Multi-wavelength coherent transmission using an optical frequency comb as a local oscillator, Opt. Express. 24 (2016) 25432. doi:10.1364/OE.24.025432

work page doi:10.1364/oe.24.025432 2016
[11]

Laser frequency combs for coherent optical communications,

V. Torres-Company, J. Schröder, A. Fülöp, M. Mazur, L. Lundberg, O. B. Helgason, M. Karlsson, and P. A. Andrekson, "Laser frequency combs for coherent optical communications," J. Lightwave Technol. 37, 1663-1670 (2019)

work page 2019
[12]

Joint carrier recovery for DSP complexity reduction in frequency comb-based superchannel transceivers,

L. Lundberg, M. Mazur, A. Lorences-Riesgo, M. Karlsson, P.A. Andrekson, “Joint carrier recovery for DSP complexity reduction in frequency comb-based superchannel transceivers,” in: 2017 Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun., IEEE, 2017: pp. 1–3. doi:10.1109/ECOC.2017.8346044

work page doi:10.1109/ecoc.2017.8346044 2017
[13]

Temprana, E

E. Temprana, E. Myslivets, B.P.-P. Kuo, L. Liu, V. Ataie, N. Alic, S. Radic, Overcoming Kerr-induced capacity limit in optical fiber transmission, Science (80-. ). 348 (2015) 1445–

work page 2015
[14]

doi:10.1126/science.aab1781

work page doi:10.1126/science.aab1781
[15]

100 km coherent Nyquist ultradense wavelength division vultiplexed passive optical network using a tunable gain-switched comb source,

T. Shao, R. Zhou, V. Vujicic, M.D. Gutierrez Pascual, P.M. Anandarajah, L.P. Barry, “100 km coherent Nyquist ultradense wavelength division vultiplexed passive optical network using a tunable gain-switched comb source,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8 (2016) 112–117. doi:10.1364/JOCN.8.000112

work page doi:10.1364/jocn.8.000112 2016
[16]

Tbit/s optical interconnects based on low linewidth quantum-dash la- sers and coherent detection

V. Vujicic, A. Anthur, V. Panapakkam, R. Zhou, Q. Gaimard, K. Merghem, F. Lelarge, A. Ramdane, and L. Barry., "Tbit/s optical interconnects based on low linewidth quantum-dash la- sers and coherent detection." in Conference on Lasers and Elec- tro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (2016) (Optical Society of America, 2016), paper SF2F.4

work page 2016
[17]

12.032 Tbit/s coherent transmission using an ultra-narrow lin- ewidth qantum dot 34.46-GHz C-Band coherent comb laser,

Z. Lu, J. Liu, L. Mao, C.-Y. Song, J. Weber, and P. Poole, "12.032 Tbit/s coherent transmission using an ultra-narrow lin- ewidth qantum dot 34.46-GHz C-Band coherent comb laser," In Next-Generation Optical Communication: Components, Sub- Systems, and Systems VIII (Vol. 10947, p. 109470J). Interna- tional Society for Optics and Photonics (2019)

work page 2019
[18]

Comb-based WDM transmission at 10 Tbit/s using a DC-driven quantum-dash mode-locked laser diode,

P. Marin-Palomo, J. N. Kemal, P. Trocha, S. Wolf, K. Merghem, F. Lelarge, A. Ramdane, W. Freude, S. Randel, and C. Koos, “Comb-based WDM transmission at 10 Tbit/s using a DC-driven quantum-dash mode-locked laser diode,” arXiv:1904.11952v2 (2019)

work page arXiv 1904
[19]

Weimann, P.C

C. Weimann, P.C. Schindler, R. Palmer, S. Wolf, D. Bekele, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, S. Koeber, R. Schmogrow, L. Alloatti, D. Elder, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L.R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, C. Koos, Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) frequency comb sources for terabit/s data transmission, Opt. Express. 22 (2014) 3629–3637. doi:10.1364/OE.22.003629

work page doi:10.1364/oe.22.003629 2014
[20]

Frequency comb generation using a CMOS compatible SiP DD-MZM for flexible networks,

J. Lin, H. Sepehrian, Y. Xu, L.A. Rusch, W. Shi, “Frequency comb generation using a CMOS compatible SiP DD-MZM for flexible networks,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 30 (2018) 1495–1498. doi:10.1109/LPT.2018.2856767

work page doi:10.1109/lpt.2018.2856767 2018
[21]

Capacity limits of optical fiber networks

R. Essiambre, René-Jean, et al. "Capacity limits of optical fiber networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 28.4 (2010): 662- 701

work page 2010
[22]

7. Loss management,

G. P. Agrawal, “7. Loss management,” in Fiber-Optic Commu- nication Systems, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2011

work page 2011
[23]

Cho, V.S

G P.S. Cho, V.S. Grigoryan, Y.A. Godin, A. Salamon, Y. Achiam, Transmission of 25-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK signals with 25- GHz channel spacing over 1000 km of SMF-28 fiber, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 15 (2003) 473–475. doi:10.1109/LPT.2002.807934

work page doi:10.1109/lpt.2002.807934 2003
[24]

Raybon, P.J

G. Raybon, P.J. Winzer, C.R. Doerr, 1-Tb/s (10 x 107 Gb/s) Electronically Multiplexed Optical Signal Generation and WDM Transmission, J. Light. Technol. 25 (2007) 233–238. doi:10.1109/JLT.2006.886723. 8

work page doi:10.1109/jlt.2006.886723 2007
[25]

Auxora, CATV Module, (2018)

Auxora, CATV Module, (2018). Auxora, CATV Module, (2018). http://www.auxora.com/product/info_2.aspx?itemid=171&lcid= 45&ppid=7&pid=23 (accessed January 7, 2019)

work page 2018
[26]

http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/JP/archive/imgjp/group/foc/ services/100gln/ln100gdpqpsk-e-141105.pdf (accessed January 7, 2019)

Fujitsu, DP-QPSK 100G LN Modulator, (2014). http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/JP/archive/imgjp/group/foc/ services/100gln/ln100gdpqpsk-e-141105.pdf (accessed January 7, 2019)

work page 2014
[27]

Y. Cai, W. Wang, W. Qian, J. Xing, K. Tao, J. Yin, S. Zhang, M. Lei, E. Sun, K. Yang, H. Chien, Q. Liao, H. Chen, FPGA Investigation on Error-Floor Performance of a Concatenated Staircase and Hamming Code for 400G-ZR Forward Error Correction, in: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. Postdeadline Pap., OSA, Washington, D.C., 2018: p. Th4C.2. doi:10.1364/OFC.2018.Th4C.2

work page doi:10.1364/ofc.2018.th4c.2 2018
[28]

Del’Haye, A

P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth, T.J. Kippenberg, Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator, Nature. 450 (2007) 1214–1217

work page 2007
[29]

T. Herr, V. Brasch, J.D. Jost, C.Y. Wang, N.M. Kondratiev, M.L. Gorodetsky, T.J. Kippenberg, Temporal solitons in optical microresonators, Nat. Photonics. 8 (2014)

work page 2014
[30]

Universal dynamics and deterministic switch- ing of dissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators,

H. Guo, M. Karpov, E. Lucas, A. Kordts, M. H. P. Pfeiffer, V. Brasch, G. Lihachev, V. E. Lobanov, M. L. Gorodetsky, and T. J. Kippenberg, “Universal dynamics and deterministic switch- ing of dissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators,” Nat. Phys. 13, 94–102 (2017)

work page 2017
[31]

Capacity trends and limits of optical communication networks,

R. Essiambre and R. W. Tkach, “Capacity trends and limits of optical communication networks,” Proc. IEEE 100, 1035–1055 (2012)

work page 2012

[1] [1]

Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast G.E. Keiser, “A review of WDM technology and applications,

Cisco Visual Networking. “Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast G.E. Keiser, “A review of WDM technology and applications,” Opt. Fiber Technol. 5, 3–39 (1999)

work page 1999

[2] [2]

Single-laser 32.5 Tbit/s Nyquist WDM transmission,

D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, M. Meyer, S. Wolf, M. Jordan, P. Kleinow, N. Lindenmann, P. C. Schindler, A. Melikyan, X. Yang, S. Ben-Ezra, B. Nebendahl, M. Dreschmann, J. Meyer, F. Parmi- giani, P. Petropoulos, B. Resan, A. Oehler, K. Weingarten, L. Al- tenhain, T. Ellermeyer, M. Moeller, M. Huebner, J. Becker, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, “Single-...

work page 2012

[3] [3]

Ultrahigh count coherent WDM channels transmission using optical parametric comb-based frequency synthesizer,

V. Ataie, E. Temprana, L. Liu, E. Myslivets, B. P.-P. Kuo, N. Alic, and S. Radic, “Ultrahigh count coherent WDM channels transmission using optical parametric comb-based frequency synthesizer,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33, 694–699 (2015)

work page 2015

[4] [4]

2.15 Pb/s transmission using a 22 core homogeneous single-mode multi-core fiber and wideband optical comb,

B. J. Puttnam, R. S. Luís, W. Klaus, J. Sakaguchi, J.-M. Delga- do Mendinueta, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, Y. Tamura, T. Hayashi, M. Hirano, and J. Marciante, “2.15 Pb/s transmission using a 22 core homogeneous single-mode multi-core fiber and wideband optical comb,” in European Conference on Optical Communi- cation (ECOC, 2015), paper PDP 3.1

work page 2015

[5] [5]

Coherent terabit com- munications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs

J. Pfeifle, V. Brasch, M. Lauermann, Y. Yu, D. Wegner, T. Herr, K. Hartinger, P. Schindler, J. Li, D. Hillerkuss, R. Schmogrow, C. Weimann, R. Holzwarth, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, T. Kippenberg, and C. Koos,"Coherent terabit com- munications with microresonator Kerr frequency combs." Nat. Photonics 8, 375-380 (2014)

work page 2014

[6] [6]

Microresonator-based solitons for mas- sively parallel coherent optical communications

P. Marin-Palomo, J. N. Kemal, M. Karpov, A. Kordts, J. Pfeifle, M. H. P. Pfeiffer, P. Trocha, S. Wolf, V. Brasch, M. H. Anderson, R. Rosenberger, K. Vijayan, W. Freude, T. J. Kip- penberg, and C. Koos, "Microresonator-based solitons for mas- sively parallel coherent optical communications." Nature 546, 274-279, (2017)

work page 2017

[7] [7]

High-order coherent communications using mode-locked dark-pulse Kerr combs from microresonators

A. Fülop, M. Mazur, A. Lorences-Riesgo, O. B. Helgason, P.- H. Wang, Y. Xuan, D. E. Leaird, M. Qi, P. A. Andrekson, A. M. Weiner, and V. Torres-Company, “High-order coherent communications using mode-locked dark-pulse Kerr combs from microresonators.” Nat. Commun. 9, 1598 (2018)

work page 2018

[8] [8]

Single-source chip-based frequency comb enabling extreme parallel data transmission,

H. Hu, F. Da Ros, M. Pu, F. Ye, K. Ingerslev, E. Porto da Silva, M. Nooruzzaman, Y. Amma, Y. Sasaki, T. Mizuno, Y. Miya- moto, L. Ottaviano, E. Semenova, P. Guan, D. Zibar, M. Galili, K. Yvind, T. Morioka, and L. K. Oxenløwe, “Single-source chip-based frequency comb enabling extreme parallel data transmission,” Nat. Photonics 12, 469-473 (2018)

work page 2018

[9] [9]

Pfeifle, V

J. Pfeifle, V. Vujicic, R.T. Watts, P.C. Schindler, C. Weimann, R. Zhou, W. Freude, L.P. Barry, C. Koos, Flexible terabit/s Nyquist-WDM super-channels using a gain-switched comb source, Opt Express. 23 (2015) 724–738. doi:10.1364/OE.23.000724

work page doi:10.1364/oe.23.000724 2015

[10] [10]

Kemal, J

J.N. Kemal, J. Pfeifle, P. Marin-Palomo, M.D.G. Pascual, S. Wolf, F. Smyth, W. Freude, C. Koos, Multi-wavelength coherent transmission using an optical frequency comb as a local oscillator, Opt. Express. 24 (2016) 25432. doi:10.1364/OE.24.025432

work page doi:10.1364/oe.24.025432 2016

[11] [11]

Laser frequency combs for coherent optical communications,

V. Torres-Company, J. Schröder, A. Fülöp, M. Mazur, L. Lundberg, O. B. Helgason, M. Karlsson, and P. A. Andrekson, "Laser frequency combs for coherent optical communications," J. Lightwave Technol. 37, 1663-1670 (2019)

work page 2019

[12] [12]

Joint carrier recovery for DSP complexity reduction in frequency comb-based superchannel transceivers,

L. Lundberg, M. Mazur, A. Lorences-Riesgo, M. Karlsson, P.A. Andrekson, “Joint carrier recovery for DSP complexity reduction in frequency comb-based superchannel transceivers,” in: 2017 Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun., IEEE, 2017: pp. 1–3. doi:10.1109/ECOC.2017.8346044

work page doi:10.1109/ecoc.2017.8346044 2017

[13] [13]

Temprana, E

E. Temprana, E. Myslivets, B.P.-P. Kuo, L. Liu, V. Ataie, N. Alic, S. Radic, Overcoming Kerr-induced capacity limit in optical fiber transmission, Science (80-. ). 348 (2015) 1445–

work page 2015

[14] [14]

doi:10.1126/science.aab1781

work page doi:10.1126/science.aab1781

[15] [15]

100 km coherent Nyquist ultradense wavelength division vultiplexed passive optical network using a tunable gain-switched comb source,

T. Shao, R. Zhou, V. Vujicic, M.D. Gutierrez Pascual, P.M. Anandarajah, L.P. Barry, “100 km coherent Nyquist ultradense wavelength division vultiplexed passive optical network using a tunable gain-switched comb source,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8 (2016) 112–117. doi:10.1364/JOCN.8.000112

work page doi:10.1364/jocn.8.000112 2016

[16] [16]

Tbit/s optical interconnects based on low linewidth quantum-dash la- sers and coherent detection

V. Vujicic, A. Anthur, V. Panapakkam, R. Zhou, Q. Gaimard, K. Merghem, F. Lelarge, A. Ramdane, and L. Barry., "Tbit/s optical interconnects based on low linewidth quantum-dash la- sers and coherent detection." in Conference on Lasers and Elec- tro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (2016) (Optical Society of America, 2016), paper SF2F.4

work page 2016

[17] [17]

12.032 Tbit/s coherent transmission using an ultra-narrow lin- ewidth qantum dot 34.46-GHz C-Band coherent comb laser,

Z. Lu, J. Liu, L. Mao, C.-Y. Song, J. Weber, and P. Poole, "12.032 Tbit/s coherent transmission using an ultra-narrow lin- ewidth qantum dot 34.46-GHz C-Band coherent comb laser," In Next-Generation Optical Communication: Components, Sub- Systems, and Systems VIII (Vol. 10947, p. 109470J). Interna- tional Society for Optics and Photonics (2019)

work page 2019

[18] [18]

Comb-based WDM transmission at 10 Tbit/s using a DC-driven quantum-dash mode-locked laser diode,

P. Marin-Palomo, J. N. Kemal, P. Trocha, S. Wolf, K. Merghem, F. Lelarge, A. Ramdane, W. Freude, S. Randel, and C. Koos, “Comb-based WDM transmission at 10 Tbit/s using a DC-driven quantum-dash mode-locked laser diode,” arXiv:1904.11952v2 (2019)

work page arXiv 1904

[19] [19]

Weimann, P.C

C. Weimann, P.C. Schindler, R. Palmer, S. Wolf, D. Bekele, D. Korn, J. Pfeifle, S. Koeber, R. Schmogrow, L. Alloatti, D. Elder, H. Yu, W. Bogaerts, L.R. Dalton, W. Freude, J. Leuthold, C. Koos, Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) frequency comb sources for terabit/s data transmission, Opt. Express. 22 (2014) 3629–3637. doi:10.1364/OE.22.003629

work page doi:10.1364/oe.22.003629 2014

[20] [20]

Frequency comb generation using a CMOS compatible SiP DD-MZM for flexible networks,

J. Lin, H. Sepehrian, Y. Xu, L.A. Rusch, W. Shi, “Frequency comb generation using a CMOS compatible SiP DD-MZM for flexible networks,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 30 (2018) 1495–1498. doi:10.1109/LPT.2018.2856767

work page doi:10.1109/lpt.2018.2856767 2018

[21] [21]

Capacity limits of optical fiber networks

R. Essiambre, René-Jean, et al. "Capacity limits of optical fiber networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 28.4 (2010): 662- 701

work page 2010

[22] [22]

7. Loss management,

G. P. Agrawal, “7. Loss management,” in Fiber-Optic Commu- nication Systems, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2011

work page 2011

[23] [23]

Cho, V.S

G P.S. Cho, V.S. Grigoryan, Y.A. Godin, A. Salamon, Y. Achiam, Transmission of 25-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK signals with 25- GHz channel spacing over 1000 km of SMF-28 fiber, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 15 (2003) 473–475. doi:10.1109/LPT.2002.807934

work page doi:10.1109/lpt.2002.807934 2003

[24] [24]

Raybon, P.J

G. Raybon, P.J. Winzer, C.R. Doerr, 1-Tb/s (10 x 107 Gb/s) Electronically Multiplexed Optical Signal Generation and WDM Transmission, J. Light. Technol. 25 (2007) 233–238. doi:10.1109/JLT.2006.886723. 8

work page doi:10.1109/jlt.2006.886723 2007

[25] [25]

Auxora, CATV Module, (2018)

Auxora, CATV Module, (2018). Auxora, CATV Module, (2018). http://www.auxora.com/product/info_2.aspx?itemid=171&lcid= 45&ppid=7&pid=23 (accessed January 7, 2019)

work page 2018

[26] [26]

http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/JP/archive/imgjp/group/foc/ services/100gln/ln100gdpqpsk-e-141105.pdf (accessed January 7, 2019)

Fujitsu, DP-QPSK 100G LN Modulator, (2014). http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/JP/archive/imgjp/group/foc/ services/100gln/ln100gdpqpsk-e-141105.pdf (accessed January 7, 2019)

work page 2014

[27] [27]

Y. Cai, W. Wang, W. Qian, J. Xing, K. Tao, J. Yin, S. Zhang, M. Lei, E. Sun, K. Yang, H. Chien, Q. Liao, H. Chen, FPGA Investigation on Error-Floor Performance of a Concatenated Staircase and Hamming Code for 400G-ZR Forward Error Correction, in: Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. Postdeadline Pap., OSA, Washington, D.C., 2018: p. Th4C.2. doi:10.1364/OFC.2018.Th4C.2

work page doi:10.1364/ofc.2018.th4c.2 2018

[28] [28]

Del’Haye, A

P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth, T.J. Kippenberg, Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator, Nature. 450 (2007) 1214–1217

work page 2007

[29] [29]

T. Herr, V. Brasch, J.D. Jost, C.Y. Wang, N.M. Kondratiev, M.L. Gorodetsky, T.J. Kippenberg, Temporal solitons in optical microresonators, Nat. Photonics. 8 (2014)

work page 2014

[30] [30]

Universal dynamics and deterministic switch- ing of dissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators,

H. Guo, M. Karpov, E. Lucas, A. Kordts, M. H. P. Pfeiffer, V. Brasch, G. Lihachev, V. E. Lobanov, M. L. Gorodetsky, and T. J. Kippenberg, “Universal dynamics and deterministic switch- ing of dissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators,” Nat. Phys. 13, 94–102 (2017)

work page 2017

[31] [31]

Capacity trends and limits of optical communication networks,

R. Essiambre and R. W. Tkach, “Capacity trends and limits of optical communication networks,” Proc. IEEE 100, 1035–1055 (2012)

work page 2012