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UnifiedQA: Crossing Format Boundaries With a Single QA System

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arxiv 2005.00700 v3 pith:RB7DPLTW submitted 2020-05-02 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords unifiedqadatasetsformatsmodelsperformsboundariesevenformat
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Question answering (QA) tasks have been posed using a variety of formats, such as extractive span selection, multiple choice, etc. This has led to format-specialized models, and even to an implicit division in the QA community. We argue that such boundaries are artificial and perhaps unnecessary, given the reasoning abilities we seek to teach are not governed by the format. As evidence, we use the latest advances in language modeling to build a single pre-trained QA model, UnifiedQA, that performs surprisingly well across 17 QA datasets spanning 4 diverse formats. UnifiedQA performs on par with 9 different models that were trained on individual datasets themselves. Even when faced with 12 unseen datasets of observed formats, UnifiedQA performs surprisingly well, showing strong generalization from its out-of-format training data. Finally, simply fine-tuning this pre-trained QA model into specialized models results in a new state of the art on 6 datasets, establishing UnifiedQA as a strong starting point for building QA systems.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    Models flip between correct and incorrect answers on over 23% of questions under meaning-preserving paraphrases, so single-prompt accuracy overstates reliable knowledge.

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    VSSD masks attention-highlighted image regions, extracts the dominant direction of change in a small model's hidden states, and distills that direction back into the model to improve multimodal chain-of-thought accuracy.

  3. MIND: Multi-rationale INtegrated Discriminative Reasoning Framework for Multi-modal Large Models

    cs.AI 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    MIND improves multimodal reasoning by training on diverse correct and deliberately wrong rationales with two-stage correction and contrastive alignment, reporting SOTA on ScienceQA, A-OKVQA, and M3CoT.

  4. RetrieveAll: A Multilingual Named Entity Recognition Framework with Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    RetrieveAll combines per-language LoRA adapters with retrieval of entity and context examples to improve multilingual NER, claiming an average 12.1% F1 gain on PAN-X.

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