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Understanding Contrastive Representation Learning through Alignment and Uniformity on the Hypersphere

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arxiv 2005.10242 v10 pith:6FD2X4FJ submitted 2020-05-20 cs.LG cs.CVstat.ML

classification cs.LGcs.CVstat.ML
keywords contrastivedownstreamhttpshyperspherelearningalignalignmentfeatures
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Contrastive representation learning has been outstandingly successful in practice. In this work, we identify two key properties related to the contrastive loss: (1) alignment (closeness) of features from positive pairs, and (2) uniformity of the induced distribution of the (normalized) features on the hypersphere. We prove that, asymptotically, the contrastive loss optimizes these properties, and analyze their positive effects on downstream tasks. Empirically, we introduce an optimizable metric to quantify each property. Extensive experiments on standard vision and language datasets confirm the strong agreement between both metrics and downstream task performance. Remarkably, directly optimizing for these two metrics leads to representations with comparable or better performance at downstream tasks than contrastive learning. Project Page: https://tongzhouwang.info/hypersphere Code: https://github.com/SsnL/align_uniform , https://github.com/SsnL/moco_align_uniform

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 170 citations worldwide. Full citation record

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