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Decentralized Finance, Centralized Ownership? An Iterative Mapping Process to Measure Protocol Token Distribution

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arxiv 2012.09306 v1 pith:3AIF2BKR submitted 2020-12-16 econ.GN cs.CEq-fin.EC

classification econ.GNcs.CEq-fin.EC
keywords tokendistributionanalyzedecentralizeddefifinanceholdingsiterative
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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In this paper, we analyze various Decentralized Finance (DeFi) protocols in terms of their token distributions. We propose an iterative mapping process that allows us to split aggregate token holdings from custodial and escrow contracts and assign them to their economic beneficiaries. This method accounts for liquidity-, lending-, and staking-pools, as well as token wrappers, and can be used to break down token holdings, even for high nesting levels. We compute individual address balances for several snapshots and analyze intertemporal distribution changes. In addition, we study reallocation and protocol usage data, and propose a proxy for measuring token dependencies and ecosystem integration. The paper offers new insights on DeFi interoperability as well as token ownership distribution and may serve as a foundation for further research.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Voting Biases in Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) Governance

    cs.CY 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Author-selected Snapshot choices show a 58.8 pp higher voting-power share than non-author choices, exceeding approval (27.1 pp) and first-list (7.7 pp) associations.

  2. Concentration in Governance Control Across Decentralised Finance Protocols

    cs.CE 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A statistically validated network of shared DeFi governance token holdings reveals persistent, institution-dominated links between protocols.

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