Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 30 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2103.07933.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2103.07933 v1

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measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

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measured 30 of 30 standing notices

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Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 30 of 30 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T04:17:27.352661Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-07-09T20:56:34.276323Z

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Outbound references

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Pith citing papers

Observation d88edd03-6972-4a9d-a693-12417affba19 · inbound

GWTC-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run cites this paper.

GWTC-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 235

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T07:47:32.821868Z

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Observation f271cf74-8d8f-4876-ae77-995420309cac · inbound

Waveform Modelling for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna cites this paper.

Waveform Modelling for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 190

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-24T05:23:56.698707Z

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Observation 68c2e5a4-423d-465a-a48e-139b1e93f887 · inbound

Can dark-matter Q-balls grow to the mass gap masses? cites this paper.

Can dark-matter Q-balls grow to the mass gap masses? The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:41:31.561419Z

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Observation 6096db00-7b90-4be8-b8c9-609e021bcdc8 · inbound

Inferring the pair-instability mass gap from gravitational wave data cites this paper.

Inferring the pair-instability mass gap from gravitational wave data The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 95

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:02:01.171263Z

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Observation 41b3192c-489f-40f7-b781-f8eb17e7b8c9 · inbound

Accretion Regimes of Neutrino-Cooled Flows onto Black Holes cites this paper.

Accretion Regimes of Neutrino-Cooled Flows onto Black Holes The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 142

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T10:46:06.429928Z

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Observation dbe1b0e7-a607-482a-9faa-64b9e8d7cb5b · inbound

GW231123: A Possible Primordial Black Hole Origin cites this paper.

GW231123: A Possible Primordial Black Hole Origin The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T22:56:53.686326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8cc81fd8-f72a-480b-8e11-c121d1b27d5b · inbound

January Food Benchmark (JFB): A Public Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Suite for Multimodal Food Analysis cites this paper.

January Food Benchmark (JFB): A Public Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Suite for Multimodal Food Analysis The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T20:46:10.622757Z

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Observation c33edb42-4f58-44f6-818d-4f3e3fcc949d · inbound

Binary Black Hole Phase Space Discovers the Signature of Pair Instability Supernovae Mass Gap cites this paper.

Binary Black Hole Phase Space Discovers the Signature of Pair Instability Supernovae Mass Gap The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 73

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:47:52.070913Z

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Observation 4e0c2a79-a33d-41df-a724-c8bba2abb7bc · inbound

Aligned Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in Active-Galactic-Nuclei Disks Revealed by GWTC-4 cites this paper.

Aligned Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in Active-Galactic-Nuclei Disks Revealed by GWTC-4 The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T14:43:56.139660Z

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Observation f79d63a0-719b-417f-8b61-abc57a7c65ae · inbound

A new group of low-spin $50-70M_\odot$ Black Holes and the high pair-instability mass cutoff cites this paper.

A new group of low-spin $50-70M_\odot$ Black Holes and the high pair-instability mass cutoff The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T12:41:33.100688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation ca003ec3-71c6-480c-93b8-bb1b6eb64132 · inbound

A new group of low-spin $50-70M_\odot$ Black Holes and the high pair-instability mass cutoff cites this paper.

A new group of low-spin $50-70M_\odot$ Black Holes and the high pair-instability mass cutoff The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T08:07:38.970916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea95f9f6-2408-4cce-83db-4aad8aa347f1 · inbound

Gravitational-wave parameter estimation to the Moon and back: massive binaries and the case of GW231123 cites this paper.

Gravitational-wave parameter estimation to the Moon and back: massive binaries and the case of GW231123 The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T23:11:20.978872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 386c70b9-9165-448a-ac4f-e67f5ce82616 · inbound

Quantum sensing of high-frequency gravitational waves with ion crystals cites this paper.

Quantum sensing of high-frequency gravitational waves with ion crystals The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T17:40:26.061291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 630b5749-b1d5-404b-9a5e-a0fcc4eca290 · inbound

Signatures of a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers in the GWTC-4 gravitational-wave dataset cites this paper.

Signatures of a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers in the GWTC-4 gravitational-wave dataset The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T02:57:50.752874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 81fba3ac-8150-4587-871c-9e4ce106e993 · inbound

Signatures of a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers in the GWTC-4 gravitational-wave dataset cites this paper.

Signatures of a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers in the GWTC-4 gravitational-wave dataset The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T11:02:35.001200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1ec53ba9-fd9c-4a51-8e73-b9e21d0e8c54 · inbound

The impact of waveform systematics and Gaussian noise on the interpretation of GW231123 cites this paper.

The impact of waveform systematics and Gaussian noise on the interpretation of GW231123 The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T14:33:00.249555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f7d14eae-d0bd-4b76-81b0-22ce0b427d03 · inbound

LISA and the LISA Science Team cites this paper.

LISA and the LISA Science Team The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T09:01:07.543634Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation caba9f4c-278c-4b99-a9b1-79aa1dc4b792 · inbound

Measurement prospects for the pair-instability mass cutoff with gravitational waves cites this paper.

Measurement prospects for the pair-instability mass cutoff with gravitational waves The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T05:37:23.625726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 77ed6dda-1510-4923-a74e-d96597476d38 · inbound

GW190711_030756 and GW200114_020818: astrophysical interpretation of two asymmetric binary black hole mergers in the IAS catalog cites this paper.

GW190711_030756 and GW200114_020818: astrophysical interpretation of two asymmetric binary black hole mergers in the IAS catalog The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 87

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T00:35:51.341593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a8c39156-2681-4bba-9b51-c8040c63b9e7 · inbound

Second-Generation Mass Peak in the Gravitational-Wave Population as a Probe of Globular Clusters cites this paper.

Second-Generation Mass Peak in the Gravitational-Wave Population as a Probe of Globular Clusters The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T06:11:02.395659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 787af198-83a1-42fc-b87d-12997f97c022 · inbound

Gravitational Wave Hyperbolic Catalog: Reanalyzing High-Mass Gravitational Wave Signals Using Hyperbolic Waveforms cites this paper.

Gravitational Wave Hyperbolic Catalog: Reanalyzing High-Mass Gravitational Wave Signals Using Hyperbolic Waveforms The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 89

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T08:54:45.414225Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b4f96b5a-0748-4055-9627-fe9ce585c7d0 · inbound

Targeting black holes from metal-poor progenitors with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors cites this paper.

Targeting black holes from metal-poor progenitors with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 98

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T04:26:36.042794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 2dcbf0c3-33f6-44d8-b1d3-fcbb4e0f0637 · inbound

Evidence for additional structure in the effective spin distribution hints at multiple formation pathways in GWTC-5.0 cites this paper.

Evidence for additional structure in the effective spin distribution hints at multiple formation pathways in GWTC-5.0 The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 72

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T12:58:07.751307Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 394d1322-b13e-4e7b-bfd5-dce81706c9d2 · inbound

Formation of rotating supergiants via stellar mergers in dense clusters: Implications for black hole natal spins cites this paper.

Formation of rotating supergiants via stellar mergers in dense clusters: Implications for black hole natal spins The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 90

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-11T06:51:42.465920Z

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Observation c3441d1c-915c-4604-95aa-a9cfa97b0243 · inbound

Unveiling the Milky Way with a Gaia DR3 census of OB-type stars within 2 kpc. I. Tracing local Galactic structure, massive star-forming regions and core-collapse supernova progenitors cites this paper.

Unveiling the Milky Way with a Gaia DR3 census of OB-type stars within 2 kpc. I. Tracing local Galactic structure, massive star-forming regions and core-collapse supernova progenitors The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-09T20:56:34.277484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 210bac2d-2f80-4c86-b9f1-d500a11371f3 · inbound

Reconstruction of Primordial Power Spectrum from Gravitational Waves of High-Redshift Black Hole Binaries cites this paper.

Reconstruction of Primordial Power Spectrum from Gravitational Waves of High-Redshift Black Hole Binaries The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 80

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T06:46:02.916338Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54728074-a17b-4389-8347-c8766def40db · inbound

The diffraction-lensing interpretation of GW231123 with astrophysical priors cites this paper.

The diffraction-lensing interpretation of GW231123 with astrophysical priors The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 81

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T06:39:29.735779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b49468f-d79d-4516-a32f-5218c314b230 · inbound

Ensemble-Based Residual Tests of GW231123 across Waveform Models cites this paper.

Ensemble-Based Residual Tests of GW231123 across Waveform Models The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T04:16:49.052269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02b01d08-e58d-4ec6-8a10-d2d35be58ec6 · inbound

A clear detection of proper motion confirms that the claimed $\mathbf{z\simeq32}$ galaxy candidate, "Capotauro'', is a Y-type brown dwarf cites this paper.

A clear detection of proper motion confirms that the claimed $\mathbf{z\simeq32}$ galaxy candidate, "Capotauro'', is a Y-type brown dwarf The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 156

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T04:20:28.234771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e00780e9-50f3-434d-b5c8-8a0aafdd7576 · inbound

Does IRS13 require an intermediate-mass black hole? cites this paper.

Does IRS13 require an intermediate-mass black hole? The Pair-Instability Mass Gap for Black Holes

Reference 290

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T04:17:27.352661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.