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Please repeat: Strong lensing of gravitational waves as a probe of compact binary and galaxy populations
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abstract
Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational wave sources offers a novel probe of both the lens galaxy and the binary source population. In particular, the strong lensing event rate and the time delay distribution of multiply-imaged gravitational-wave binary coalescence events can be used to constrain the mass distribution of the lenses as well as the intrinsic properties of the source population. We calculate the strong lensing event rate for a range of second (2G) and third generation (3G) detectors, including Advanced LIGO/Virgo, A+, Einstein Telescope (ET), and Cosmic Explorer (CE). For 3G detectors, we find that {$\sim0.1\%$} of observed events are expected to be strongly lensed. We predict detections of {$\sim 1$} lensing pair per year with A+, and {$\sim 50$} pairs {per year} with ET/CE. These rates are highly sensitive to the characteristic galaxy velocity dispersion, $\sigma_*$, implying that observations of the rates will be a sensitive probe of lens properties. We explore using the time delay distribution between multiply-imaged gravitational-wave sources to constrain properties of the lenses. We find that 3G detectors would constrain $\sigma_*$ to {$\sim21\%$ after 5 years}. Finally, we show that the presence or absence of strong lensing {within the detected population} provides useful insights into the source redshift and mass distribution out to redshifts beyond the peak of the star formation rate, which can be used to constrain formation channels and their relation to the star formation rate and delay time distributions for these systems.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves: universal characteristics of strongly lensed memory waveforms
Strongly lensed gravitational-wave memory waveforms acquire universal parity signatures—odd for type I/III images, even for type II—that can identify image type via a simple step-function approximation.
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Identifying lensed gravitational waves with physics-informed posterior learning
Fusing a simulation-trained common-source mass posterior with waveform features raises lensed-event detection efficiency from 20.8% to 35.2% at 1% false-positive rate and lowers the SNR for 50% efficiency from 45.3 to 33.5.
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A $\chi^2$ statistic for the identification of strongly lensed gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences
A chi-squared test built from gravitational wave search templates can separate lensed event pairs from unlensed pairs with accuracy comparable to slower Bayesian methods.
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Prospect for Detection of Strongly Lensed Multi-messenger Signals of Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Future CE+ET detectors may detect lensed BNS kilonovae at ~0.5/yr via pointed follow-up of known galaxy lenses, while lensed sGRBs and afterglows remain rare or undetectable with current-generation facilities.
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Discovering gravitational waveform distortions from lensing: A deep dive into GW231123
GW231123's apparent gravitational-lensing signal has a false-alarm probability around 4σ, so the event cannot be claimed as lensed under the two-image wave-optics model.
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Self-lensing of moving gravitational-wave sources can break the microlensing crossing timescale degeneracy
Self-lensing of a moving GW chirp by an orbiting black hole yields a curve width and interference beats that together give the orbital distance and the black hole mass.
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Machine Learning Assisted Parameter-Space Searches for Lensed Gravitational Waves
Normalizing flow based non-Gaussian consistency tests in a compressed detector basis select GW170104-GW170814 as the only promising lensed pair in GWTC-3.
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