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Flavor probes of axion-like particles
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Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are well-motivated low-energy relics of high-energy extensions of the Standard Model (SM). We investigate the phenomenology of an ALP with flavor-changing couplings, and present a comprehensive analysis of quark and lepton flavor-changing observables within a general ALP effective field theory. Observables studied include rare meson decays, flavor oscillations of neutral mesons, rare lepton decays, and dipole moments. We derive bounds on the general ALP couplings as a function of its mass, consistently taking into account the ALP lifetime and branching ratios. We further calculate quark flavor-changing effects that are unavoidably induced by running and matching between the new physics scale and the scale of the measurements. This allows us to derive bounds on benchmark ALP models in which only a single (flavorless or flavor-universal) ALP coupling to SM particles is present at the new physics scale, and in this context we highlight the complementarity and competitiveness of flavor bounds with constraints derived from collider, beam dump and astrophysical measurements. We find that searches for ALPs produced in meson decays provide some of the strongest constraints in the MeV-GeV mass range, even for the most flavorless of ALP models. Likewise, we discuss the interplay of flavor-conserving and flavor-violating couplings of the ALP to leptons, finding that constraints from lepton flavor-violating observables generally depend strongly on both. Additionally, we analyze whether an ALP can provide an explanation for various experimental anomalies including those observed in rare B-meson decays, measurements at the ATOMKI and KTeV experiments, and in the anomalous magnetic moments of the muon and the electron.
Forward citations
Cited by 16 Pith papers
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First lattice QCD calculation of the J/psi to gamma plus axion-like-particle form factor, with under 2% uncertainty, used to update ALP constraints.
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Neutron stars can shine a light on elusive lepton-flavor-violating dark matter
Flavor blocking keeps lepton-flavor-violating dark matter from thermalizing inside neutron stars, so p-wave annihilation stays efficient and heats the star to observable temperatures.
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Long-lived Axion-Like Particles from Tau Decays
Leptophilic long-lived ALPs produced in tau decays are shown to yield new CHARM/BEBC constraints and improved future sensitivity, particularly at SHiP, extending reach to fa up to 10^8-10^9 GeV in LFV scenarios.
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$B\rightarrow K + \text{axion-like particles}$: effective versus UV-complete models and enhanced two-loop contributions
In the DFSZ axion model, the b to s a transition receives an unsuppressed two-loop contribution proportional to the scalar coupling lambda, which becomes important for tan beta above about 5.
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ALP pair production at the LHC
Non-resonant gg→aa→4γ production could constrain the dimension-6 ALP-gluon coupling down to ~10^-3 TeV^-2 at 300 fb^-1, but the allowed parameter space remains unbounded along multiple flat directions.
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Searching for long-lived ALPs with a laser-assisted optical dump
A laser-assisted optical dump could probe ALP-electron couplings down to ~10^-6 (10^-7) GeV^-1 with 16.5 (125) GeV electron beams, and when both couplings are present the Primakoff process improves the electron-coupli...
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ALP production in Lepton Flavour Violating meson, tau and gauge boson decays
ALPs with LFV couplings above the muon mass threshold can be produced in LFV meson, tau, and gauge boson decays, yielding clean eμ signatures that enable new searches at future experiments.
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Lattice determination of the neutrino background for $J/\psi \rightarrow \gamma + \textrm{invisible}$
Lattice QCD predicts Br(J/ψ → γννbar) = 1.00(9)(7)×10^-10, the Standard Model neutrino background for J/ψ → γ + invisible.
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Loop-Level Lepton Flavor Violation and Diphoton Signals in the Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model
Recasting axion limits onto the one-loop H3 couplings of the minimal left-right symmetric model excludes the right-handed scale up to 2×10^9 GeV and could eventually probe 6×10^11 GeV.
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Positivity and partial wave unitarity bounds on ALP theories via amplitude methods
Complete partial-wave unitarity and positivity bounds are derived for ALP effective interactions up to dimension 8, with new SMEFT positivity constraints as a byproduct.
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Long-lived sterile neutrinos from axionlike particles at the Super Tau-Charm Facility
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Could an axion-like particle be hidden in $\eta_c\to\gamma\gamma$?
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Probing ALP couplings to electroweak gauge bosons
Rare two-body meson decays give the strongest current bounds on the ALP-W coupling for light ALPs, with Z-boson decays and future lepton colliders extending the reach to heavier masses.
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Searching for long-lived particles from stopped pions and muons at the CiADS-BDE
Projected 5-year sensitivity of the proposed CiADS-BDE shows reach beyond current bounds for HNLs, electrophilic and LFV ALPs, and RPV light binos.
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Axions and Axion-like particles: collider searches
A pedagogical review of the ALP effective field theory, production and decay at colliders, indirect search strategies, and a summary of current bounds on the ALP-photon coupling.
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