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Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Extrasolar Planets
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Direct imaging and spectroscopy is the likely means by which we will someday identify, confirm, and characterize an Earth-like planet around a nearby Sun-like star. This Chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding discovering and characterizing exoplanets by direct imaging and spectroscopy. We detail instruments and software needed for direct imaging detections and summarize the current inventory of confirmed and candidate directly-imaged exoplanets. Direct imaging and spectroscopy in the past decade has provided key insights into jovian planet atmospheres, probed the demographics of the outskirts of planetary systems, and shed light on gas giant planet formation. We forecast the new tools and future facilities on the ground and in space that will enhance our capabilities for exoplanet imaging and will likely image habitable zone rocky planets around the nearest stars.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
Direct imaging over 11 years confirms β Pictoris d as a ~2.4 MJup, ~600 K bound companion at ~26 au, coplanar with b and c and consistent with sculpting the debris-disk inner edge.
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Characterizing the oxidation state of rocky exoplanets with the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE)
LIFE baseline mid-IR observations of Earth-sized planets at 10 pc can retrieve CO2, CH4, and NH3 well enough to distinguish mantle redox states from IW-6 to IW+6 under the paper's modeling assumptions.
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Demonstrating Improved Contrast on the Roman Coronagraph with Spatial Linear Dark Field Control
Proposes applying sLDFC to the Roman Coronagraph to maintain darker, more stable dark holes and use bright-field signals to boost exoplanet detection limits.
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Searching for Habitable Exoplanets with Relative Astrometry (SHERA). I. The Case for Searching for Planets in Binary Star Systems
SHERA is a proposed Small Explorer astrometry mission that could detect rocky habitable-zone planets around 14 nearby Sun-like stars in binary systems using microarcsecond relative astrometry.
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The JWST weather report: Unravelling the atmospheric variability of isolated worlds using principal component analysis
SIMP 0136's rotation-modulated spectrum is captured by two principal components — temperature and cloud vertical structure — so its weather reduces to a three-state mixture.
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On Linking Planet Formation Models, Protoplanetary Disk Properties, and Mature Gas Giant Exoplanet Atmospheres
A workshop synthesis concludes that linking gas giant exoplanet atmospheres to formation histories requires multiple elemental abundance tracers, not a single C/O ratio, and identifies the most pressing open questions.
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