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A non-linear solution to the $S_8$ tension?
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abstract
Weak galaxy lensing surveys have consistently reported a lower amplitude for the matter fluctuation spectrum, as measured by the $S_8$ parameter, than expected in the $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$ cosmology favoured by $Planck$. However, the expansion history follows the predictions of the $Planck$ $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$ cosmology to high accuracy, as do measurements of lensing of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies. Redshift space distortion measurements also appear to be consistent with $Planck$ $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$. In this paper, we argue that these observations can be reconciled with the $Planck$ $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$ cosmology if the matter power spectrum is suppressed more strongly on non-linear scales than assumed in analyses of weak galaxy lensing. We demonstrate this point by fitting a one-parameter model, characterising a suppression of the non-linear power spectrum, to the KiDS-1000 weak lensing measurements. Such a suppression could be attributed to new properties of the dark matter that affect non-linear scales, or to a response of the matter fluctuations to baryonic feedback processes that are stronger than expected from recent cosmological simulations. Our proposed explanation can be tested using measurements of the amplitude of the matter fluctuation spectrum on linear scales, in particular via high precision redshift space distortion measurements from forthcoming galaxy and quasar redshift surveys.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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KiDS-Legacy: The consistency test of the large-scale structure with Bernardeau-Nishimichi-Taruya transform
BNT k-cuts on KiDS-Legacy give S8=0.798±0.045 (theory covariance) with no nonlinear bias, while observed-data covariance produces a mild low-k preference for lower S8.
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Floquet Dissipative Phase Transitions
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Cosmic Shear constraints from HSC Year 3 with clustering calibration of the tomographic redshift distributions from DESI
Reanalysis of HSC Y3 cosmic shear with DESI clustering redshift calibration yields S8 = 0.805 ± 0.018, a 1.8× error reduction and upward shift toward Planck cosmology.
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Missing baryons recovered: a measurement of the gas fraction in galaxies and groups with the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and CMB lensing
CMB lensing mass calibration of DESI galaxies, combined with kSZ gas profiles, measures gas fractions that reach the cosmic baryon fraction at large radii but drop to about 30 percent near the virial radius.
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Baryonification II: Constraining feedback with X-ray and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations
ACT kSZ and eROSITA gas fractions are mutually consistent in a baryonification fit and imply strong feedback, with predicted matter power suppression reaching 20-25 percent at k=5 h/Mpc.
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