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arxiv: 2211.10488 · v1 · pith:Z6GTP7RP · submitted 2022-11-18 · astro-ph.EP · astro-ph.IM· astro-ph.SR

Early Release Science of the Exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H

Lili Alderson , Hannah R. Wakeford , Munazza K. Alam , Natasha E. Batalha , Joshua D. Lothringer , Jea Adams Redai , Saugata Barat , Jonathan Brande
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Mario Damiano Tansu Daylan N\'estor Espinoza Laura Flagg Jayesh M. Goyal David Grant Renyu Hu Julie Inglis Elspeth K. H. Lee Thomas Mikal-Evans Lakeisha Ramos-Rosado Pierre-Alexis Roy Nicole L. Wallack Natalie M. Batalha Jacob L. Bean Bj\"orn Benneke Zachory K. Berta-Thompson Aarynn L. Carter Quentin Changeat Knicole D. Col\'on Ian J.M. Crossfield Jean-Michel D\'esert Daniel Foreman-Mackey Neale P. Gibson Laura Kreidberg Michael R. Line Mercedes L\'opez-Morales Karan Molaverdikhani Sarah E. Moran Giuseppe Morello Julianne I. Moses Sagnick Mukherjee Everett Schlawin David K. Sing Kevin B. Stevenson Jake Taylor Keshav Aggarwal Eva-Maria Ahrer Natalie H. Allen Joanna K. Barstow Taylor J. Bell Jasmina Blecic Sarah L. Casewell Katy L. Chubb Nicolas Crouzet Patricio E. Cubillos Leen Decin Adina D. Feinstein Joanthan J. Fortney Joseph Harrington Kevin Heng Nicolas Iro Eliza M.-R. Kempton James Kirk Heather A. Knutson Jessica Krick J\'er\'emy Leconte Monika Lendl Ryan J. MacDonald Luigi Mancini Megan Mansfield Erin M. May Nathan J. Mayne Yamila Miguel Nikolay K. Nikolov Kazumasa Ohno Enric Palle Vivien Parmentier Dominique J. M. Petit dit de la Roche Caroline Piaulet Diana Powell Benjamin V. Rackham Seth Redfield Laura K. Rogers Zafar Rustamkulov Xianyu Tan P. Tremblin Shang-Min Tsai Jake D. Turner Miguel de Val-Borro Olivia Venot Luis Welbanks Peter J. Wheatley Xi Zhang
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classification astro-ph.EP astro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR
keywords exoplanetabsorptiong395hnirspecobservationssigmaatmospheresjwst
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Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Access to an exoplanet's chemical inventory requires high-precision observations, often inferred from individual molecular detections with low-resolution space-based and high-resolution ground-based facilities. Here we report the medium-resolution (R$\sim$600) transmission spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere between 3-5 $\mu$m covering multiple absorption features for the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b, obtained with JWST NIRSpec G395H. Our observations achieve 1.46x photon precision, providing an average transit depth uncertainty of 221 ppm per spectroscopic bin, and present minimal impacts from systematic effects. We detect significant absorption from CO$_2$ (28.5$\sigma$) and H$_2$O (21.5$\sigma$), and identify SO$_2$ as the source of absorption at 4.1 $\mu$m (4.8$\sigma$). Best-fit atmospheric models range between 3 and 10x solar metallicity, with sub-solar to solar C/O ratios. These results, including the detection of SO$_2$, underscore the importance of characterising the chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres, and showcase NIRSpec G395H as an excellent mode for time series observations over this critical wavelength range.

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