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Extremal black holes have external light rings
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It is proved that spherically symmetric extermal black holes possess at least one external light ring. Our remarkably compact proof is based on the dominant energy condition which characterizes the external matter fields in the non-vacuum extremal black-hole spacetimes.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Bounds for Lyapunov exponent of circular light orbits in black holes
For any static, spherically symmetric black hole obeying Einstein's equations and the dominant energy condition, the circular photon orbit's Lyapunov exponent is bounded by the photon-sphere surface gravity, the Unruh...
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Regular black holes with Minkowskian cores: causal structure and observational degeneracy
Regular black holes with Minkowskian cores constructed by gravitational decoupling produce shadows and accretion-disk images nearly indistinguishable from Kerr/Schwarzschild despite radically different interiors.
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A Compact theorem on the compactness of ultra-compact objects with monotonically decreasing matter fields
Horizonless ultra-compact objects with light rings and monotonically decreasing density or radial pressure satisfy C >= 1/3.
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