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A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A

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arxiv 2302.07906 v1 pith:VZ4PO36R submitted 2023-02-15 astro-ph.HE

B. O'Connor , E. Troja , G. Ryan , P. Beniamini , H. van Eerten , J. Granot , S. Dichiara , R. Ricci
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V. Lipunov J. H. Gillanders R. Gill M. Moss S. Anand I. Andreoni R. L. Becerra D. A. H. Buckley N. R. Butler S. B. Cenko A. Chasovnikov J. Durbak C. Francile E. Hammerstein A. J. van der Horst M. Kasliwal C. Kouveliotou A. S. Kutyrev W. H. Lee G. Srinivasaragavan V. Topolev A. M. Watson Y. H. Yang K. Zhirkov
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keywords approxenergyexplosionsextremegrbsobservedstructuredafterglow
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abstract

Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powerful cosmic explosions, signaling the death of massive stars. Among them, GRB 221009A is by far the brightest burst ever observed. Due to its enormous energy ($E_\textrm{iso}\!\approx$10$^{55}$ erg) and proximity ($z\!\approx$0.15), GRB 221009A is an exceptionally rare event that pushes the limits of our theories. We present multi-wavelength observations covering the first three months of its afterglow evolution. The X-ray brightness decays as a power-law with slope $\approx\!t^{-1.66}$, which is not consistent with standard predictions for jetted emission. We attribute this behavior to a shallow energy profile of the relativistic jet. A similar trend is observed in other energetic GRBs, suggesting that the most extreme explosions may be powered by structured jets launched by a common central engine.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Polarization of impulsive relativistic jets propagating in a stratified medium

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Stratified external media reduce and slow the temporal evolution of afterglow polarization in impulsive jets, with the polarization peak near the geometrical light-curve break.

  2. EuraGovExam: A Multilingual Multimodal Benchmark from Real-World Civil Service Exams

    cs.CV 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    EuraGovExam is a real-exam, image-only multilingual multimodal benchmark on which state-of-the-art VLMs reach only ~86% accuracy.

  3. On the Duration of Gamma-Ray Bursts

    astro-ph.HE 2024-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    GRB duration is shaped by the progenitor, the central engine, the emitter, and geometry, so short versus long duration is not a reliable direct indicator of what exploded or merged.

  4. Gamma-ray bursts: what do we know today that we did not know 10 years ago?

    astro-ph.HE 2024-12 unverdicted

    A review of the past decade of gamma-ray burst research, highlighting structured jets, GR-MHD simulations, TeV detections, and the contested idea that many GRBs have moderate Lorentz factors.

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