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Algebras, Regions, and Observers

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arxiv 2303.02837 v2 pith:Y5OFHXBN submitted 2023-03-06 hep-th

classification hep-th
keywords algebrafieldgravityquantumtheoryobservablesobserverpresence
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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In ordinary quantum field theory, one can define the algebra of observables in a given region in spacetime, but in the presence of gravity, it is expected that this notion ceases to be well-defined. A substitute that appears to make sense in the presence of gravity and that also is more operationally meaningful is to consider the algebra of observables along the timelike worldline of an observer. It is known that such an algebra can be defined in quantum field theory, and the timelike tube theorem of quantum field theory suggests that such an algebra is a good substitute for what in the absence of gravity is the algebra of a region. The static patch in de Sitter space is a concrete example in which it is useful to think in these terms and to explicitly incorporate an observer in the description.

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Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The Making of von Neumann Algebras from Bulk Focusing

    hep-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A boundary region's infinite-N operator algebra is a von Neumann algebra exactly when its generalized causal wedge closes on the same region; null geodesic focusing is the bulk mechanism.

  2. Disjoint additivity and local quantum physics

    hep-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Local quantum systems should obey disjoint additivity plus Haag duality, a combination that survives higher-form symmetries and fails for known nonlocal constructions.

  3. Cosmological pole-skipping, shock waves and quantum chaotic dynamics of de Sitter horizons

    hep-th 2025-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Pole-skipping in Schwarzschild-de Sitter predicts superluminal and imaginary butterfly velocities, confirmed by shock wave analysis, hinting at nonlocal and non-Hermitian dual dynamics.

  4. Wavefunctions of AdS$_3$ Universes and $T\bar{T}$-deformed Torus Partition Functions

    hep-th 2026-08 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    The paper's central claim of an invertible bulk-boundary transform for T-Tbar deformed torus partition functions is broken by an incorrect inverse kernel and a factor-of-pi normalization inconsistency.

  5. Observers, local measurements, and topology

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Measurement correlations along an observer's worldline define a simplicial complex whose homology is proposed to be the topology of the accessible quantum-gravitational spacetime.

  6. Flow-geometry microstates

    hep-th 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Particle-insertion microstates in AdS2→dS2 flow geometries are counted via wormhole path integrals, giving a Hilbert-space dimension e^{2S_Flow} that matches Gibbons-Hawking; the purely-de Sitter spanning claim depend...

  7. Entanglement measures for causally connected subregions and holography

    hep-th 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Timelike separated subregions admit a transition-operator entropy, a complexified RT surface, and a timelike entanglement wedge cross section that equals half the analytically continued reflected entropy in AdS3/CFT2.

  8. Symmetry, Symmetry Topological Field Theory and von Neumann Algebra

    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The symmetric-sector von Neumann algebra of a QFT violates additivity or Haag duality exactly when the Lagrangian algebra of its SymTFT contains operators beyond the identity, with a sharper criterion distinguishing t...

  9. Observers and Timekeepers: From the Page-Wootters Mechanism to the Gravitational Path Integral

    hep-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Metric summation produces the problem of time, topology summation produces the one-dimensional Hilbert space, and a timekeeper path integral gives observer-dependent holography.

  10. Algebras, Entanglement Islands, and Observers

    hep-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Entanglement islands in the AdS/bath island model realize the quantum-gravity 'observer' as a Goldstone vector mode, making the island operator algebra an emergent Type II∞ von Neumann algebra.

  11. Observer Time from Causality in Perturbative Quantum Gravity

    hep-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A lightbulb-and-mirror protocol defines diffeomorphism-invariant elapsed proper time, and its leading quantum gravity correction makes the time a noncommuting quantum operator.

  12. A Dynamical Systems Framework for Reinforcement Learning Safety and Robustness Verification

    cs.AI 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    The claimed RL safety verification framework is absent from the manuscript; the body text is an unrelated high-energy physics paper about de Sitter horizon chaos.

  13. Quantum gravity observables: observation, algebras, and mathematical structure

    hep-th 2025-05 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A perspective arguing that gravitationally dressed observables generalize crossed product algebras and that quantum gravity may need non-algebraic structure on Hilbert space.

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