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Training Language Models with Language Feedback at Scale

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arxiv 2303.16755 v3 pith:BGFA4ICR submitted 2023-03-28 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
keywords feedbacklanguagehumanlearningfinetuningmodelscomparisongenerate
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Pretrained language models often generate outputs that are not in line with human preferences, such as harmful text or factually incorrect summaries. Recent work approaches the above issues by learning from a simple form of human feedback: comparisons between pairs of model-generated outputs. However, comparison feedback only conveys limited information about human preferences. In this paper, we introduce Imitation learning from Language Feedback (ILF), a new approach that utilizes more informative language feedback. ILF consists of three steps that are applied iteratively: first, conditioning the language model on the input, an initial LM output, and feedback to generate refinements. Second, selecting the refinement incorporating the most feedback. Third, finetuning the language model to maximize the likelihood of the chosen refinement given the input. We show theoretically that ILF can be viewed as Bayesian Inference, similar to Reinforcement Learning from human feedback. We evaluate ILF's effectiveness on a carefully-controlled toy task and a realistic summarization task. Our experiments demonstrate that large language models accurately incorporate feedback and that finetuning with ILF scales well with the dataset size, even outperforming finetuning on human summaries. Learning from both language and comparison feedback outperforms learning from each alone, achieving human-level summarization performance.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Internal Pluralism and the Limits of Pairwise Comparisons

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Under internal pluralism, forced local pairwise comparisons erase inseparable priorities and distort conflicted answers, while allowing indecision reports can sharply reduce queries needed to learn preference weights.

  2. Formalizing Learning from Language Feedback with Provable Guarantees

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Introduces a formal framework for learning from language feedback, a transfer eluder dimension complexity measure, and HELiX, a no-regret algorithm whose regret scales with this dimension.

  3. Exploring the Limit of Outcome Reward for Learning Mathematical Reasoning

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    OREAL shows that outcome-reward RL with best-of-N positive behavior cloning, negative reward shaping, and token-level reweighting reaches state-of-the-art MATH-500 accuracy at 7B and 32B scale.

  4. VulBinLLM: LLM-powered Vulnerability Detection for Stripped Binaries

    cs.CR 2025-05 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    An LLM pipeline that enriches decompiled code with vulnerability hints and then classifies CWEs reports high Juliet accuracy, but leaky hints and unmatched baselines weaken the claim.

  5. Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challenges

    cs.AI 2025-07 reject novelty 1.0 of 10

    A broad survey of LLM alignment that catalogs objectives, benchmarks, SFT/RLHF/DPO methods, and safety challenges, without contributing new experimental or theoretical results.

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