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Stop Uploading Test Data in Plain Text: Practical Strategies for Mitigating Data Contamination by Evaluation Benchmarks

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arxiv 2305.10160 v2 pith:ZS7WZ6NS submitted 2023-05-17 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords datacontaminationteststrategiesmodelsbecomeclosedpractical
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Data contamination has become prevalent and challenging with the rise of models pretrained on large automatically-crawled corpora. For closed models, the training data becomes a trade secret, and even for open models, it is not trivial to detect contamination. Strategies such as leaderboards with hidden answers, or using test data which is guaranteed to be unseen, are expensive and become fragile with time. Assuming that all relevant actors value clean test data and will cooperate to mitigate data contamination, what can be done? We propose three strategies that can make a difference: (1) Test data made public should be encrypted with a public key and licensed to disallow derivative distribution; (2) demand training exclusion controls from closed API holders, and protect your test data by refusing to evaluate without them; (3) avoid data which appears with its solution on the internet, and release the web-page context of internet-derived data along with the data. These strategies are practical and can be effective in preventing data contamination.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 5 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. Zero Gap Is Not Restoration: Stratified Per-Question Probability Evaluation and Step-wise Mitigation of Benchmark Contamination

    cs.CL 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A new stratified per-question probability-gap metric shows that existing contamination mitigation strategies overstate restoration, and a step-wise decoding cap (RailCap) achieves the lowest measured gap.

  2. Establishing Trustworthy LLM Evaluation via Shortcut Neuron Analysis

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Shortcut neuron patching suppresses benchmark-contamination shortcuts in LLMs and yields evaluation scores that strongly correlate with the external MixEval benchmark.

  3. Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluation

    cs.LG 2026-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A taxonomy-driven survey arguing that reward design is the central mechanism shaping reliable LLM reasoning, with maps of reward paradigms, reward-hacking failure modes, and benchmark pitfalls.

  4. When Generic Prompt Improvements Hurt: Evaluation-Driven Iteration for LLM Applications

    cs.CL 2026-01 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    Adding generic prompt rules to task-specific LLM prompts is not monotonic: in 15-20 case local suites, Llama 3 and Qwen 2.5 sometimes pass fewer extraction and RAG checks, so prompt changes should be tested per task.

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