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Having Beer after Prayer? Measuring Cultural Bias in Large Language Models

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arxiv 2305.14456 v4 pith:BCDXGY6X submitted 2023-05-23 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
keywords culturalcamelarabicmodelsappropriatearabbiascontexts
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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As the reach of large language models (LMs) expands globally, their ability to cater to diverse cultural contexts becomes crucial. Despite advancements in multilingual capabilities, models are not designed with appropriate cultural nuances. In this paper, we show that multilingual and Arabic monolingual LMs exhibit bias towards entities associated with Western culture. We introduce CAMeL, a novel resource of 628 naturally-occurring prompts and 20,368 entities spanning eight types that contrast Arab and Western cultures. CAMeL provides a foundation for measuring cultural biases in LMs through both extrinsic and intrinsic evaluations. Using CAMeL, we examine the cross-cultural performance in Arabic of 16 different LMs on tasks such as story generation, NER, and sentiment analysis, where we find concerning cases of stereotyping and cultural unfairness. We further test their text-infilling performance, revealing the incapability of appropriate adaptation to Arab cultural contexts. Finally, we analyze 6 Arabic pre-training corpora and find that commonly used sources such as Wikipedia may not be best suited to build culturally aware LMs, if used as they are without adjustment. We will make CAMeL publicly available at: https://github.com/tareknaous/camel

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  3. A Dual-Layered Evaluation of Geopolitical and Cultural Bias in LLMs

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    A multilingual two-phase evaluation shows LLMs lean on query language for factual questions and on training-country perspective for territorial and historical disputes.

  4. Towards Experience-Centered AI: A Framework for Integrating Lived Experience in Design and Development

    cs.CY 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A conceptual framework, LEAF, organizes four dimensions of lived experience into a five-stage AI development pipeline for more human-centered systems.

  5. How and Where to Translate? The Impact of Translation Strategies in Cross-lingual LLM Prompting

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    For multilingual RAG intent classification, the best translation strategy depends on the model and language; translating instructions into the user's language helps some models, while making the model answer in low-re...

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