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Prompt a Robot to Walk with Large Language Models

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arxiv 2309.09969 v3 pith:GOQ2SOUX submitted 2023-09-18 cs.RO cs.LGcs.SYeess.SY

classification cs.ROcs.LGcs.SYeess.SY
keywords modelsllmsrobotacrosscontroldynamiclanguagelarge
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large language models (LLMs) pre-trained on vast internet-scale data have showcased remarkable capabilities across diverse domains. Recently, there has been escalating interest in deploying LLMs for robotics, aiming to harness the power of foundation models in real-world settings. However, this approach faces significant challenges, particularly in grounding these models in the physical world and in generating dynamic robot motions. To address these issues, we introduce a novel paradigm in which we use few-shot prompts collected from the physical environment, enabling the LLM to autoregressively generate low-level control commands for robots without task-specific fine-tuning. Experiments across various robots and environments validate that our method can effectively prompt a robot to walk. We thus illustrate how LLMs can proficiently function as low-level feedback controllers for dynamic motion control even in high-dimensional robotic systems. The project website and source code can be found at: https://prompt2walk.github.io/ .

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Weights or Skills? A Survey of Robot-Learning Techniques: from Action-Predicting Weights to Robots that Write their Own Skills

    cs.RO 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A taxonomy of robot learning on a weights-versus-skills axis, with a five-rung self-improvement ladder whose top cell (feedback plus memory plus search) holds only a few recent systems.

  2. DEMONSTRATE: Zero-shot Language to Robotic Control via Multi-task Demonstration Learning

    cs.RO 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    DEMONSTRATE learns a zero-shot mapping from natural-language embeddings to MPC cost parameters from demonstrations, achieving tabletop manipulation success rates comparable to prior LLM-based pipelines.

  3. UP-VLA: A Unified Understanding and Prediction Model for Embodied Agent

    cs.CV 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Combining multimodal understanding with future image prediction in one autoregressive model improves vision-language-action policy success rates in simulation and real-world manipulation.

  4. Improving Vision-Language-Action Model with Online Reinforcement Learning

    cs.RO 2025-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Alternating online RL on a frozen vision-language backbone with supervised fine-tuning on collected successes improves a VLA policy's task success and generalization.

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