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Copyright Violations and Large Language Models

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arxiv 2310.13771 v1 pith:2RWV3WMK submitted 2023-10-20 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords languagecopyrightmodelscopyrightedlargematerialstypicallyverbatim
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Language models may memorize more than just facts, including entire chunks of texts seen during training. Fair use exemptions to copyright laws typically allow for limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright holder, but typically for extraction of information from copyrighted materials, rather than {\em verbatim} reproduction. This work explores the issue of copyright violations and large language models through the lens of verbatim memorization, focusing on possible redistribution of copyrighted text. We present experiments with a range of language models over a collection of popular books and coding problems, providing a conservative characterization of the extent to which language models can redistribute these materials. Overall, this research highlights the need for further examination and the potential impact on future developments in natural language processing to ensure adherence to copyright regulations. Code is at \url{https://github.com/coastalcph/CopyrightLLMs}.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    cs.LG 2025-02 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Hard perturbations that change the required solution method cause 10-25% accuracy drops across 18 LLMs on MATH, revealing limits in reasoning robustness.

  2. Probabilistic "Copies" in Generative AI Models

    cs.CY 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An LLM is an infringing copy of a work only when the work can be extracted from it with relatively little effort, so some models are copies of some works and no model is a copy of everything it trained on.

  3. Maximizing Local Entropy Where It Matters: Prefix-Aware Localized LLM Unlearning

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    PALU shows that unlearning only needs local intervention—the first few tokens of the sensitive span and the top-k logits—not full-sequence, full-vocabulary suppression.

  4. Leak@$k$: Unlearning Does Not Make LLMs Forget Under Probabilistic Decoding

    cs.LG 2025-11 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLM unlearning methods that pass greedy-decoding benchmarks leak forgotten facts when the model is sampled repeatedly, and the new leak@k metric quantifies this.

  5. UCD: Unlearning in LLMs via Contrastive Decoding

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

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  7. The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMs

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