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SecQA: A Concise Question-Answering Dataset for Evaluating Large Language Models in Computer Security

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arxiv 2312.15838 v1 pith:7CLUVVHM submitted 2023-12-26 cs.CL cs.CR

classification cs.CLcs.CR
keywords secqasecuritycomputerllmsmodelsconcisedatasetevaluating
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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In this paper, we introduce SecQA, a novel dataset tailored for evaluating the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the domain of computer security. Utilizing multiple-choice questions generated by GPT-4 based on the "Computer Systems Security: Planning for Success" textbook, SecQA aims to assess LLMs' understanding and application of security principles. We detail the structure and intent of SecQA, which includes two versions of increasing complexity, to provide a concise evaluation across various difficulty levels. Additionally, we present an extensive evaluation of prominent LLMs, including GPT-3.5-Turbo, GPT-4, Llama-2, Vicuna, Mistral, and Zephyr models, using both 0-shot and 5-shot learning settings. Our results, encapsulated in the SecQA v1 and v2 datasets, highlight the varying capabilities and limitations of these models in the computer security context. This study not only offers insights into the current state of LLMs in understanding security-related content but also establishes SecQA as a benchmark for future advancements in this critical research area.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. SecBench: A Comprehensive Multi-Dimensional Benchmarking Dataset for LLMs in Cybersecurity

    cs.CR 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A large, bilingual, multi-domain cybersecurity benchmark with both multiple-choice and short-answer questions, plus LLM-based automatic grading and results for 16 models.

  2. Domyn-Small: A European 10B Reasoning Language Model

    cs.CL 2026-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Domyn-Small is a 10B reasoning LLM that claims to deliver roughly one-third the inference tokens of Qwen3.5-9B at competitive accuracy, though results are marked as preliminary.

  3. MEQA: A Meta-Evaluation Framework for Question & Answer LLM Benchmarks

    cs.CL 2025-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    MEQA scores eight cybersecurity QA benchmarks against a 44-sub-criteria rubric, finding strengths in reproducibility and comparability and weaknesses in prompt robustness and reliability.

  4. Chinese SafetyQA: A Safety Short-form Factuality Benchmark for Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A 2,000-question Chinese safety factuality benchmark shows most LLMs are inaccurate on safety knowledge, with retrieval helping more than self-reflection.

  5. Llama-3.1-FoundationAI-SecurityLLM-8B-Instruct Technical Report

    cs.CR 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Foundation-Sec-8B-Instruct, an instruction-tuned 8B cybersecurity LLM, is released and claimed to beat Llama 3.1-8B-Instruct on CTIBench-RCM and CTIBench-MCQA while remaining competitive on general instruction-following.

  6. Forewarned is Forearmed: A Survey on Large Language Model-based Agents in Autonomous Cyberattacks

    cs.NI 2025-05 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A review of LLM-based agents as autonomous cyberattackers, arguing that they lower attack costs, scale up threats, and outpace existing defenses.

  7. Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Cybersecurity: A Systematic Survey

    cs.CR 2025-04 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey that organizes LLM-based cybersecurity defense by attack-phase, threat-intelligence, and deployment categories, and identifies post-intrusion defense as the main understudied area.

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