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Hierarchical binary black hole mergers in globular clusters: mass function and evolution with redshift

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arxiv 2401.14837 v2 pith:O2K5VKUP submitted 2024-01-26 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.GA

classification astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
keywords masshierarchicalmergersprimarydistributionevolutionpairingbbhs
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abstract

Hierarchical black hole (BH) mergers are one of the most straightforward mechanisms to produce BHs inside and above the pair-instability mass gap. Here, we investigate the impact of globular cluster (GC) evolution on hierarchical mergers, and we account for the uncertainties related to BH mass pairing functions on the predicted primary BH mass, mass ratio and spin distribution. We find that the evolution of the host GC quenches the hierarchical BH assembly already at the third generation, mainly due to cluster expansion powered by a central BH sub-system. Hierarchical mergers match the primary BH mass distribution from GW events for $m_1 > 50 \, \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$, regardless of the assumed BH pairing function. At lower masses, however, different pairing functions lead to dramatically different predictions on the primary BH mass merger rate density. We find that the primary BH mass distribution evolves with redshift, with a larger contribution from mergers with $m_1 \geq 30 \, \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ for $z\geq{}2$. Finally, we calculate the mixing fraction of BBHs from GCs and isolated binary systems. Our predictions are very sensitive to the spins, which favor a large fraction ($>0.6$) of BBHs born in GCs, in order to reproduce misaligned spin observations.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Evolution of a black hole cluster in full general relativity

    gr-qc 2025-05 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

    A 25-black-hole cluster evolved in full general relativity undergoes runaway hierarchical merging into a single roughly 22m0 black hole, ejects one member at 0.51c, and produces a gravitational-wave signal with an ecc...

  2. A Four-dimensional Model-agnostic Probe into the Astrophysical Origins of Binary Black Hole Subpopulations

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A GPU-accelerated binned Gaussian process yields the first model-agnostic 4D BBH population in (m1, q, χeff, χp), revealing four mass-based subpopulations and new spin-mass-ratio correlations.

  3. Assessing the Impact of Instrumental Requirements on the Scientific Performance of the Einstein Telescope

    astro-ph.IM 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Degrading the Einstein Telescope's sensitivity in specific frequency bands hurts different science goals in predictable ways, but the mission remains scientifically strong even in the worst modelled cases.

  4. Signatures of a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers in the GWTC-4 gravitational-wave dataset

    gr-qc 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Using a joint effective-spin and precession-spin model on 155 gravitational-wave events, the authors infer that the hierarchical (second-generation) merger fraction rises sharply above ~46 M_sun and peaks again near 1...

  5. No evidence that the binary black hole mass distribution evolves with redshift

    astro-ph.HE 2025-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    GWTC-3 data are consistent with a binary black hole mass distribution that does not evolve with redshift, with the peak location and power-law slope nearly constant below z ~ 1.

  6. Considering lensing effect on gravitational wave signals from black holes in mass gap

    astro-ph.HE 2025-12 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    Gravitational lensing could in principle explain apparent mass-gap black-hole mergers, but the required magnifications are μ≈12–39 for GW190521 and μ≈320–444 for GW231123 depending on assumptions—and the paper's abstr...

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