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Iterated Denoising Energy Matching for Sampling from Boltzmann Densities

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arxiv 2402.06121 v2 pith:E6BZGYFU submitted 2024-02-09 cs.LG stat.ML

classification cs.LGstat.ML
keywords energyidemmatchingsamplessamplerobjectivedenoisingdiffusion-based
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Efficiently generating statistically independent samples from an unnormalized probability distribution, such as equilibrium samples of many-body systems, is a foundational problem in science. In this paper, we propose Iterated Denoising Energy Matching (iDEM), an iterative algorithm that uses a novel stochastic score matching objective leveraging solely the energy function and its gradient -- and no data samples -- to train a diffusion-based sampler. Specifically, iDEM alternates between (I) sampling regions of high model density from a diffusion-based sampler and (II) using these samples in our stochastic matching objective to further improve the sampler. iDEM is scalable to high dimensions as the inner matching objective, is simulation-free, and requires no MCMC samples. Moreover, by leveraging the fast mode mixing behavior of diffusion, iDEM smooths out the energy landscape enabling efficient exploration and learning of an amortized sampler. We evaluate iDEM on a suite of tasks ranging from standard synthetic energy functions to invariant $n$-body particle systems. We show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on all metrics and trains $2-5\times$ faster, which allows it to be the first method to train using energy on the challenging $55$-particle Lennard-Jones system.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. GeMPO: Generalized Measure Matching for Online Diffusion Reinforcement Learning

    cs.LG 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    GeMPO unifies diffusion RL reweighting as measure matching to a regularized target, enabling flexible and negative weights that improve exploration and performance.

  2. FES-FM: Free Energy Surface Sampling via Reduced Flow Matching

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    FES-FM learns a reduced flow-matching transport in collective-variable space to sample free energy surfaces, cutting per-sample generation cost while leaving full-space training cost unchanged.

  3. Self-Refining Training for Amortized Density Functional Theory

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A self-refining training loop, where a neural network samples molecular conformations from its own predicted energy and trains on them, reduces the need for large labeled DFT datasets in amortized density functional theory.

  4. Towards Adaptive External Communication in Autonomous Vehicles: A Conceptual Design Framework

    cs.HC 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    A three-layer framework (input, processing, output) for adaptive external human-machine interfaces in autonomous vehicles is introduced to systematize design and analysis.

  5. Torsional-GFN: a conditional conformation generator for small molecules

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Torsional-GFN, a conditional GFlowNet with a new graph network, samples torsion angles of small molecules to approximate the Boltzmann distribution, with partial generalization to unseen local structures.

  6. Importance Weighted Score Matching for Diffusion Samplers with Enhanced Mode Coverage

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Importance Weighted Score Matching trains diffusion samplers by reweighting score matching with self-normalized importance sampling to approximate the forward KL and improve mode coverage.

  7. Neural Flow Samplers with Shortcut Models

    cs.LG 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Neural Flow Shortcut Sampler (NFS2) estimates the partition-function derivative with velocity-driven SMC and Stein control variates, and adds a generalized shortcut consistency loss for few-step sampling.

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