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WorldCoder, a Model-Based LLM Agent: Building World Models by Writing Code and Interacting with the Environment

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arxiv 2402.12275 v3 pith:DA7K6GQH submitted 2024-02-19 cs.AI cs.CL

classification cs.AIcs.CL
keywords agentworldcodecomparedenvironmentinteractionsknowledgemodel-based
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We give a model-based agent that builds a Python program representing its knowledge of the world based on its interactions with the environment. The world model tries to explain its interactions, while also being optimistic about what reward it can achieve. We define this optimism as a logical constraint between a program and a planner. We study our agent on gridworlds, and on task planning, finding our approach is more sample-efficient compared to deep RL, more compute-efficient compared to ReAct-style agents, and that it can transfer its knowledge across environments by editing its code.

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Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Programmatic Video Prediction Using Large Language Models

    cs.CV 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ProgGen uses language-model-written programs for perception, dynamics, and rendering to predict future video frames from about ten training examples, beating large diffusion baselines on two synthetic benchmarks.

  2. Quo Vadis, World Modeling?

    cs.CV 2026-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An agent-centric reframing of world modeling, replacing physical state prediction with 'information transitions' organized into six proxy functions and three empowerment levels.

  3. VisualPatchWorld: Code World Models as Latent Structured Representations for Planning

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A two-level induction procedure—active-probe sketch selection plus multi-step rollout fitting—recovers executable code world models that improve CEM planning over prior code baselines on four LeWM tasks.

  4. Generating Symbolic World Models via Test-time Scaling of Large Language Models

    cs.AI 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Best-of-N sampling plus iterative self-critique, called iVML, lets a 7B open LLM generate PDDL planning domains with over 85% and 71% success on two benchmarks, outperforming o1-mini.

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