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LLM4Decompile: Decompiling Binary Code with Large Language Models

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arxiv 2403.05286 v3 pith:GNCYCXSP submitted 2024-03-08 cs.PL cs.CL

classification cs.PLcs.CL
keywords codemodelsbinaryllm4decompileghidradecompilationdecompilelanguage
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Decompilation aims to convert binary code to high-level source code, but traditional tools like Ghidra often produce results that are difficult to read and execute. Motivated by the advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), we propose LLM4Decompile, the first and largest open-source LLM series (1.3B to 33B) trained to decompile binary code. We optimize the LLM training process and introduce the LLM4Decompile-End models to decompile binary directly. The resulting models significantly outperform GPT-4o and Ghidra on the HumanEval and ExeBench benchmarks by over 100% in terms of re-executability rate. Additionally, we improve the standard refinement approach to fine-tune the LLM4Decompile-Ref models, enabling them to effectively refine the decompiled code from Ghidra and achieve a further 16.2% improvement over the LLM4Decompile-End. LLM4Decompile demonstrates the potential of LLMs to revolutionize binary code decompilation, delivering remarkable improvements in readability and executability while complementing conventional tools for optimal results. Our code, dataset, and models are released at https://github.com/albertan017/LLM4Decompile

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  2. Can Large Language Models Understand Intermediate Representations in Compilers?

    cs.LG 2025-02 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Large language models can parse compiler intermediate representations but consistently fail at instruction-level reasoning such as control flow, loop handling, and exact execution simulation.

  3. NotDec: WebAssembly Decompilation With Inter-Procedural Type Recovery

    cs.SE 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    NotDec decompiles WebAssembly to readable C with 100% recompilability and 85.33% struct access recovery, far exceeding Ghidra, by combining Retypd type recovery with a new pointer/numeric differentiation graph.

  4. CoDe-R: Refining Decompiler Output with LLMs via Rationale Guidance and Adaptive Inference

    cs.SE 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Rationale-guided fine-tuning plus dual-path adaptive inference lifts a 1.3B decompiler refiner to 50% average re-executability, a new lightweight SOTA on HumanEval-Decompile.

  5. gigiProfiler: Diagnosing Performance Issues by Uncovering Application Resource Bottlenecks

    cs.PF 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    gigiProfiler combines an LLM resource spotter with static validation to find application-level bottlenecks and root-cause variables by comparing buggy and normal executions.

  6. When LLM Defenses Backfire: Characterizing Safety, Performance, and Cost Trade-offs

    cs.CR 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Across 11 defenses, 6 open LLMs, and multiple benchmarks, rule-based defenses best preserve task accuracy, conservative self-reflection drives over-refusal, and multi-round defenses dominate inference cost.

  7. CodableLLM: Automating Decompiled and Source Code Mapping for LLM Dataset Generation

    cs.SE 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    CodableLLM automatically aligns decompiled binary functions with source code functions to generate training datasets for code LLMs.

  8. TraceRAG: A LLM-Based Framework for Explainable Android Malware Detection and Behavior Analysis

    cs.SE 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

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  9. VulBinLLM: LLM-powered Vulnerability Detection for Stripped Binaries

    cs.CR 2025-05 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    An LLM pipeline that enriches decompiled code with vulnerability hints and then classifies CWEs reports high Juliet accuracy, but leaky hints and unmatched baselines weaken the claim.

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