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Evaluating Language Models for Generating and Judging Programming Feedback

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arxiv 2407.04873 v2 pith:TGPEMRNG submitted 2024-07-05 cs.AI cs.CY

classification cs.AIcs.CY
keywords llmsprogrammingmodelsfeedbackgeneratingproprietaryefficiencyevaluating
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has transformed research and practice across a wide range of domains. Within the computing education research (CER) domain, LLMs have garnered significant attention, particularly in the context of learning programming. Much of the work on LLMs in CER, however, has focused on applying and evaluating proprietary models. In this article, we evaluate the efficiency of open-source LLMs in generating high-quality feedback for programming assignments and judging the quality of programming feedback, contrasting the results with proprietary models. Our evaluations on a dataset of students' submissions to introductory Python programming exercises suggest that state-of-the-art open-source LLMs are nearly on par with proprietary models in both generating and assessing programming feedback. Additionally, we demonstrate the efficiency of smaller LLMs in these tasks and highlight the wide range of LLMs accessible, even for free, to educators and practitioners.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Wisdom of the Crowd, Without the Crowd: A Socratic LLM for Asynchronous Deliberation on Perspectivist Data

    cs.HC 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A Socratic LLM that questions annotators during labeling improved post-deliberation accuracy and confidence compared to a prior synchronous human-deliberation benchmark.

  2. On the Effectiveness of LLM-as-a-judge for Code Generation and Summarization

    cs.SE 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Even the best tested LLM judge, GPT-4-turbo, frequently misjudges code correctness (e.g., 50% of wrong Java functions judged correct) but agrees moderately with humans when judging code summary quality.

  3. That's Not the Feedback I Need! -- Student Engagement with GenAI Feedback in the Tutor Kai

    cs.CY 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In an eye-tracking study of 11 students, novices fixated twice as long on AI-generated feedback as experienced peers, relied on it instead of compiler output, and could not comprehend about 20% of the AI feedback they...

  4. FEAT: A Preference Feedback Dataset through a Cost-Effective Auto-Generation and Labeling Framework for English AI Tutoring

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A cost-effective dataset framework for English AI tutoring finds that mixing 5-10% human-annotated feedback with LLM-generated feedback outperforms using only human-annotated feedback.

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