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Adaptive Super-Resolution Imaging Without Prior Knowledge Using a Programmable Spatial-Mode Sorter

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arxiv 2409.04323 v2 pith:5QVO3UP3 submitted 2024-09-06 physics.optics

classification physics.optics
keywords imagingsortercentroiddirectestimatingknowledgemplcprior
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We consider an imaging system tasked with estimating the angular distance between two incoherently-emitting, identically bright, sub-Rayleigh-separated point sources, without any prior knowledge of the centroid or the constellation and with a fixed collected-photon budget. It was shown theoretically that splitting the optical recording time into two stages -- focal-plane direct imaging to obtain a pre-estimate of the centroid, and using that estimate to center a spatial-mode sorter followed by photon detection of the sorted modes -- can achieve lower mean squared error in estimating the separation~\cite{Grace:20}. In this paper, we demonstrate this in a proof-of-concept, using a programmable mode sorter we have built using multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) using a reflective spatial-light modulator (SLM) in an emulated experiment where we use a single coherent source to characterize the MPLC to electronically piece together the signature from two closely-separated quasi-monochromatic incoherent emitters. We show an improvement in estimator variance when compared to direct imaging, in good agreement with simulations.

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  1. Quantum-limited imaging using diffractive optical neural networks

    quant-ph 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A trained diffractive optical neural network with photon counting is shown in simulation to saturate the Nagaoka-Hayashi quantum bound for multiparameter imaging, outperforming direct imaging.

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