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First constraint on the weak mixing angle using direct detection experiments
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abstract
Current ton-scale dark matter direct detection experiments have reached an important milestone with the detection of solar neutrinos. In this paper, we show that these data can be used to determine a critical parameter of the Standard Model in particle physics, across an energy regime that has never been probed before. In particular, we show that the value of the weak mixing angle ($\theta_W$) which relates the mass of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons can be derived from 1) the recent measurements of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering by PandaX-4T and XENONnT in the sub-GeV energy range -- a regime which is usually only probed by low energy neutrino experiments -- and from 2) XENONnT electron recoil data through neutrino-electron scattering at energy scale $\simeq 0.1 ~ \rm{ MeV}$, corresponding to a momentum transfer region over an order of magnitude smaller than that explored by atomic parity violation experiments. Now that an indicative measurement of the weak mixing angle exists at these lowest energy frontier, the challenge for the next generation of such experiments will be to provide a more precise measurement in the keV-MeV energy range.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Testing light and heavy vector mediators with solar CE$\nu$NS measurements
Combined solar CEνNS data from XENONnT, PandaX-4T, and LZ yield competitive constraints on vector NSI and light mediators and a weak mixing angle measurement at low momentum transfer.
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Elastic neutrino-electron scattering perspectives at nuclear reactors
Projections show CLOUD and TAO could improve low-energy weak mixing angle measurements to 8-11% via elastic neutrino-electron scattering, with competitive magnetic moment and NSI limits.
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New light mediators and the neutrino fog: Implications from XENONnT nuclear recoil data
Light-mediator couplings are constrained more strongly when they attach to dark matter than to neutrinos, and the neutrinofog in xenon detectors is shifted and deformed under both scenarios.
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Probing conventional and new physics at the ESS with coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
Projected ESS CEνNS measurements would improve current constraints on the weak mixing angle, nuclear neutron radii, and several new physics scenarios by large factors, and would lead in some unexplored mass ranges.
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Searching for generalized neutrino interactions in direct detection experiments with E{\nu}ES
Direct-detection xenon experiments yield new 90% C.L. constraints on vector, axial, scalar, and tensor generalized neutrino interactions, generally weaker than existing global bounds.
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Exploring the Standard Model and Beyond from the Evidence of CE$\nu$NS with Reactor Antineutrinos in CONUS+
Fitting the CONUS+ reactor CEνNS event count yields sin²θW = 0.268 ± 0.047, µν < 5.6×10⁻¹⁰ µB, and NSI bounds similar to COHERENT, all consistent with the Standard Model.
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