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What is the nature of GW230529? An exploration of the gravitational lensing hypothesis

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arxiv 2409.07298 v2 pith:OJ5F3XCR submitted 2024-09-11 gr-qc astro-ph.HE

classification gr-qcastro-ph.HE
keywords lensedbinarymassneutronfindgw230529eventgravitationally
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

On the 29th of May 2023, the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration observed a compact binary coalescence event consistent with a neutron star-black hole merger, though the heavier object of mass 2.5-4.5 $M_\odot$ would fall into the purported lower mass gap. An alternative explanation for apparent observations of events in this mass range has been suggested as strongly gravitationally lensed binary neutron stars. In this scenario, magnification would lead to the source appearing closer and heavier than it really is. Here, we investigate the chances and possible consequences for the GW230529 event to be gravitationally lensed. We find this would require high magnifications and we obtain low rates for observing such an event, with a relative fraction of lensed versus unlensed observed events of $2 \times 10^{-3}$ at most. When comparing the lensed and unlensed hypotheses accounting for the latest rates and population model, we find a 1/58 chance of lensing, disfavoring this option. Moreover, when the magnification is assumed to be strong enough to bring the mass of the heavier binary component below the standard limits on neutron star masses, we find high probability for the lighter object to have a sub-solar mass, making the binary even more exotic than a mass-gap neutron star-black hole system. Even when the secondary is not sub-solar, its tidal deformability would likely be measurable, which is not the case for GW230529. Finally, we do not find evidence for extra lensing signatures such as the arrival of additional lensed images, type-II image dephasing, or microlensing. Therefore, we conclude it is unlikely for GW230529 to be a strongly gravitationally lensed binary neutron star signal.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. A story about a tipsy kangaroo: Reversible jump MCMC for model selection in the analysis of gravitational-wave signals from the coalescence of compact objects

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A single RJMCMC run can rank BBH, NSBH, and BNS waveform models and deliver the favored model's parameter posteriors, validated on injections and two real GW events.

  2. Detectability of lensed gravitational waves in matched-filtering searches

    gr-qc 2024-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Matched-filtering searches recover strongly lensed gravitational waves at rates far below optimal-SNR predictions, with detection efficiency dropping to under one percent.

  3. Probability of gravitational-wave lensing by intermediate-mass black holes and globular clusters

    astro-ph.CO 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The rate of compound gravitational-wave lensing by intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters is at most about 10^-3 of galaxy-scale lensed events, disfavoring GW231123 as such an event.

  4. Spin Precession Signatures as an Indicator of Microlensing in Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Microlensing wave-optics effects in strongly lensed gravitational waves can produce false evidence of spin precession, with the effect growing at higher signal-to-noise ratios.

  5. Discovering gravitational waveform distortions from lensing: A deep dive into GW231123

    gr-qc 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    GW231123's apparent gravitational-lensing signal has a false-alarm probability around 4σ, so the event cannot be claimed as lensed under the two-image wave-optics model.

  6. Parameter estimation of microlensed gravitational waves with Conditional Variational Autoencoders

    gr-qc 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A conditional variational autoencoder trained on simulated microlensed binary black hole signals estimates lens mass and source offset with well-calibrated posteriors, runs about 10,000 times faster than Bilby, and cu...

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