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Latent Space Chain-of-Embedding Enables Output-free LLM Self-Evaluation

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arxiv 2410.13640 v2 pith:65QU7C43 submitted 2024-10-17 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
keywords llmscorrectnesslatentresponseself-evaluationchain-of-embeddinghiddenoutput-free
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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LLM self-evaluation relies on the LLM's own ability to estimate response correctness, which can greatly improve its deployment reliability. In this research track, we propose the Chain-of-Embedding (CoE) in the latent space to enable LLMs to perform output-free self-evaluation. CoE consists of all progressive hidden states produced during the inference time, which can be treated as the latent thinking path of LLMs. We find that when LLMs respond correctly and incorrectly, their CoE features differ, these discrepancies assist us in estimating LLM response correctness. Experiments in four diverse domains and seven LLMs fully demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Meanwhile, its label-free design intent without any training and millisecond-level computational cost ensures real-time feedback in large-scale scenarios. More importantly, we provide interesting insights into LLM response correctness from the perspective of hidden state changes inside LLMs.

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  7. CoRE: Enhancing Metacognition with Label-free Self-evaluation in LRMs

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