Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 19 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2410.21272.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2410.21272 v2

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 19 of 19 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 19 of 19 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T18:54:30.271111Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

3
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation 7ba9f03e-0623-458f-abc0-0d780d141416 · inbound

Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying cites this paper.

Critical-Questions-of-Thought: Steering LLM reasoning with Argumentative Querying Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:37:23.365115Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 88d4a8e6-4039-4115-aac8-df9d09519f8c · inbound

MATH-Perturb: Benchmarking LLMs' Math Reasoning Abilities against Hard Perturbations cites this paper.

MATH-Perturb: Benchmarking LLMs' Math Reasoning Abilities against Hard Perturbations Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T15:26:07.612405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 011e329f-87f2-4001-83d2-a6a43619ea18 · inbound

Large Language Models for In-File Vulnerability Localization Can Be "Lost in the End" cites this paper.

Large Language Models for In-File Vulnerability Localization Can Be "Lost in the End" Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T17:26:43.505885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed696e5f-affc-4a42-aac4-c11a1959732a · inbound

Locate-then-Merge: Neuron-Level Parameter Fusion for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Multimodal LLMs cites this paper.

Locate-then-Merge: Neuron-Level Parameter Fusion for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Multimodal LLMs Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:01:17.103469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fccaa56d-cf56-48b5-8037-25fe20bd6e74 · inbound

Addition in Four Movements: Mapping Layer-wise Information Trajectories in LLMs cites this paper.

Addition in Four Movements: Mapping Layer-wise Information Trajectories in LLMs Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:31:00.700257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c7a55a19-c026-404d-9d44-1d2304ce5fb8 · inbound

LOGICPO: Efficient Translation of NL-based Logical Problems to FOL using LLMs and Preference Optimization cites this paper.

LOGICPO: Efficient Translation of NL-based Logical Problems to FOL using LLMs and Preference Optimization Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T18:54:30.271111Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2e160cd8-62b9-466b-b76a-3eb61f7d6ab7 · inbound

Modular Arithmetic: Language Models Solve Math Digit by Digit cites this paper.

Modular Arithmetic: Language Models Solve Math Digit by Digit Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T05:02:53.646766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1dcd83f8-a484-44d9-abcb-4b0e2c7c88b9 · inbound

All for One: LLMs Solve Mental Math at the Last Token With Information Transferred From Other Tokens cites this paper.

All for One: LLMs Solve Mental Math at the Last Token With Information Transferred From Other Tokens Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T18:50:56.646908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92d6da29-802c-48df-a8ad-2ca68230208d · inbound

Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluation cites this paper.

Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluation Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 1999

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T03:04:44.040427Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 13485f05-0b65-4a76-a635-5339ebe68711 · inbound

The Model Says Walk: How Surface Heuristics Override Implicit Constraints in LLM Reasoning cites this paper.

The Model Says Walk: How Surface Heuristics Override Implicit Constraints in LLM Reasoning Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 12

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-14T21:18:00.403520Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 82cbcdb9-c10e-49ab-8064-8afde8831f72 · inbound

Generalization in LLM Problem Solving: The Case of the Shortest Path cites this paper.

Generalization in LLM Problem Solving: The Case of the Shortest Path Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 36

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T10:39:38.054083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 0dcb49e9-6dbe-49cc-9eda-306c0249d044 · inbound

Mitigating Prompt-Induced Cognitive Biases in General-Purpose AI for Software Engineering cites this paper.

Mitigating Prompt-Induced Cognitive Biases in General-Purpose AI for Software Engineering Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T07:47:12.956469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 1ecba1d3-a7e4-45ee-b942-b25f4efe4911 · inbound

Neuron-Anchored Rule Extraction for Large Language Models via Contrastive Hierarchical Ablation cites this paper.

Neuron-Anchored Rule Extraction for Large Language Models via Contrastive Hierarchical Ablation Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T06:05:36.150628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 92263e99-1fd7-45f9-802a-56842c855349 · inbound

Neuron-Anchored Rule Extraction for Large Language Models via Contrastive Hierarchical Ablation cites this paper.

Neuron-Anchored Rule Extraction for Large Language Models via Contrastive Hierarchical Ablation Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T00:15:09.534323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation bec05884-e628-452f-9453-a25cb6a27f51 · inbound

Represented Is Not Computed: A Causal Test of Candidate Algorithmic Intermediates in a Transformer cites this paper.

Represented Is Not Computed: A Causal Test of Candidate Algorithmic Intermediates in a Transformer Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-22T06:41:10.367382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 11f25715-e9fc-4220-b3c6-e8c7e731cc9f · inbound

Sparse probes and murky physics: a case study of interpretability challenges in a foundation model for continuum dynamics cites this paper.

Sparse probes and murky physics: a case study of interpretability challenges in a foundation model for continuum dynamics Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-27T11:00:50.725027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 1fdc0454-4a7c-4959-b940-dbd35498e9c3 · inbound

ToxiREX: A Dataset on Toxic REasoning in ConteXt cites this paper.

ToxiREX: A Dataset on Toxic REasoning in ConteXt Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T04:43:06.645324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation bd9cc0e3-b0eb-4173-a7d0-7159f488a0f3 · inbound

Are Arithmetic Heuristic Neurons Form-Invariant? A Mechanistic Analysis of Symbols, Text, and Code in LLMs cites this paper.

Are Arithmetic Heuristic Neurons Form-Invariant? A Mechanistic Analysis of Symbols, Text, and Code in LLMs Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T20:19:21.701366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45266ded-8a6d-479a-92f4-14a81541e174 · inbound

Can Transformers Really Do It All? On the Compatibility of Inductive Biases Across Tasks cites this paper.

Can Transformers Really Do It All? On the Compatibility of Inductive Biases Across Tasks Arithmetic Without Algorithms: Language Models Solve Math With a Bag of Heuristics

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T17:31:48.582774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.