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Foundations of Large Language Models

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arxiv 2501.09223 v2 pith:LA755XIY submitted 2025-01-16 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
keywords languagemodelslargebookalignmentanyoneareachapters
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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This is a book about large language models. As indicated by the title, it primarily focuses on foundational concepts rather than comprehensive coverage of all cutting-edge technologies. The book is structured into five main chapters, each exploring a key area: pre-training, generative models, prompting, alignment, and inference. It is intended for college students, professionals, and practitioners in natural language processing and related fields, and can serve as a reference for anyone interested in large language models.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Efficiency vs. Alignment: Investigating Safety and Fairness Risks in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of LLMs

    cs.AI 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Benign PEFT fine-tuning changes LLM safety and fairness: adapter-based methods (LoRA, IA3) preserve alignment better than prompt-based methods, and the base model strongly moderates outcomes.

  2. Is Inter-Seed Cross-Play Enough? Evaluating the Robustness of Zero-Shot Coordination Algorithms to Implementation Details

    cs.AI 2026-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    For Other-Play in Yokai, agents trained with different implementation details coordinate across implementations about as well as across seeds, supporting inter-seed cross-play as a proxy for cross-implementation evaluation.

  3. SasAgent: Multi-Agent AI System for Small-Angle Scattering Data Analysis

    cs.AI 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    SasAgent connects a large language model to SasView tools through four agents, letting users calculate SLDs, generate synthetic scattering curves, and fit experimental SAS data from text prompts.

  4. Learning to Shop Like Humans: A Review-driven Retrieval-Augmented Recommendation Framework with LLMs

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    RevBrowse retrieves preference-relevant pros and cons from reviews via a contrastively trained module, then uses an LLM to rerank candidates; experiments on four Amazon datasets show consistent improvements over baselines.

  5. Generating Privacy Stories From Software Documentation

    cs.SE 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LLMs can extract privacy behaviors from software documents and draft privacy stories, but the best overall F1 is 0.766, not the abstract's 0.8+.

  6. HEAL: A Hypothesis-Based Preference-Aware Analysis Framework

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    HEAL evaluates preference optimization by measuring ranking accuracy and strength correlation between model likelihoods and proxy reward scores over multi-response hypothesis spaces.

  7. Step-level Verifier-guided Hybrid Test-Time Scaling for Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A step-level verifier-guided hybrid of Best-of-N sampling, Monte Carlo tree search, and conditional self-refinement improves reasoning in small instruction-tuned LLMs, claiming up to 28.6-point gains.

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