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RedStar: Does Scaling Long-CoT Data Unlock Better Slow-Reasoning Systems?

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arxiv 2501.11284 v1 pith:3AC6CYZD submitted 2025-01-20 cs.LG cs.AIcs.CL

classification cs.LGcs.AIcs.CL
keywords long-cotdatamodelsreasoningredstarscalingslow-thinkingsystems
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Can scaling transform reasoning? In this work, we explore the untapped potential of scaling Long Chain-of-Thought (Long-CoT) data to 1000k samples, pioneering the development of a slow-thinking model, RedStar. Through extensive experiments with various LLMs and different sizes, we uncover the ingredients for specialization and scale for Long-CoT training. Surprisingly, even smaller models show significant performance gains with limited data, revealing the sample efficiency of Long-CoT and the critical role of sample difficulty in the learning process. Our findings demonstrate that Long-CoT reasoning can be effectively triggered with just a few thousand examples, while larger models achieve unparalleled improvements. We also introduce reinforcement learning (RL)-scale training as a promising direction for advancing slow-thinking systems. RedStar shines across domains: on the MATH-Hard benchmark, RedStar-code-math boosts performance from 66.2\% to 81.6\%, and on the USA Math Olympiad (AIME), it solves 46.7\% of problems using only 21k mixed-code-math datasets. In multimodal tasks like GeoQA and MathVista-GEO, RedStar-Geo achieves competitive results with minimal Long-CoT data, outperforming other slow-thinking systems like QvQ-Preview. Compared to QwQ, RedStar strikes the perfect balance between reasoning and generalizability. Our work highlights that, with careful tuning, scaling Long-CoT can unlock extraordinary reasoning capabilities-even with limited dataset and set a new standard for slow-thinking models across diverse challenges. Our data and models are released at https://huggingface.co/RedStar-Reasoning.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  2. ParaThinker: Native Parallel Thinking as a New Paradigm to Scale LLM Test-time Compute

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ParaThinker trains LLMs for native parallel reasoning and reports 7 to 12 percent higher accuracy on math benchmarks over sequential thinking with modest latency overhead.

  3. BudgetThinker: Empowering Budget-aware LLM Reasoning with Control Tokens

    cs.LG 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A control-token insertion and two-stage training method that lets LLMs adhere to user-specified reasoning token budgets while preserving math accuracy.

  4. Can One Domain Help Others? A Data-Centric Study on Multi-Domain Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning

    cs.AI 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Training a Qwen2.5-7B model with GRPO on math and puzzle data improves both domains, code transfer depends on the starting model, and template or reward mismatches sharply hurt performance.

  5. Beyond Solving Math Quiz: Evaluating the Ability of Large Reasoning Models to Ask for Information

    cs.AI 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Per the abstract, large reasoning models systematically fail to ask for missing information on under-specified math problems, a skill standard benchmarks never test.

  6. A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthiness in Reasoning with Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A structured literature survey concluding that reasoning capabilities do not automatically make LLMs more trustworthy and can introduce new vulnerabilities in safety, robustness, and privacy.

  7. Logit Arithmetic Elicits Long Reasoning Capabilities Without Training

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    ThinkLogit blends logits from a small reasoning guider into a frozen 32B model, improving math pass@1 by up to 29% without training the large model.

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