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KVDirect: Distributed Disaggregated LLM Inference

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arxiv 2501.14743 v1 pith:FMIIDHTL submitted 2024-12-13 cs.DC cs.LGcs.PF

classification cs.DCcs.LGcs.PF
keywords inferencekvdirectdisaggregatedresourcecachecommunicationdistributedreduces
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become the new foundation for many applications, reshaping human society like a storm. Disaggregated inference, which separates prefill and decode stages, is a promising approach to improving hardware utilization and service quality. However, due to inefficient inter-node communication, existing systems restrict disaggregated inference to a single node, limiting resource allocation flexibility and reducing service capacity. This paper introduces KVDirect, which optimizes KV cache transfer to enable a distributed disaggregated LLM inference. KVDirect achieves this through the following contributions. First, we propose a novel tensor-centric communication mechanism that reduces the synchronization overhead in traditional distributed GPU systems. Second, we design a custom communication library to support dynamic GPU resource scheduling and efficient KV cache transfer. Third, we introduce a pull-based KV cache transfer strategy that reduces GPU resource idling and improves latency. Finally, we implement KVDirect as an open-source LLM inference framework. Our evaluation demonstrates that KVDirect reduces per-request latency by 55% compared to the baseline across diverse workloads under the same resource constraints.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Spatial Prefix Caching for Wireless Edge LLM Inference: A Stochastic-Geometry and Queueing Framework

    cs.IT 2026-08 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    A stochastic-geometry and queueing framework derives prefix-cache association and TTFT coverage for wireless edge LLM inference, revealing load-dependent caching effects.

  2. From Tensor Buffer to Distributed Memory Hierarchy: A Survey of KV Cache Management for LLM Serving

    cs.DC 2026-06 accept novelty 6.5 of 10

    KV-cache serving systems concentrate into five archetypes under a four-axis taxonomy, with ownership explaining residual distributed design variance and seven measurement gaps blocking next steps.

  3. An Internet for the KV Cache: Rethinking Classical Infrastructure Boundaries in the LLM Inference Age

    cs.NI 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Proposes an 'Internet for the KV Cache' where compute, storage, and network are jointly managed across cloud boundaries to decide when to store, transfer, or recompute cached LLM state.

  4. Online Linear Programming for Multi-Objective Routing in LLM Serving

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Online LP bid-price routing with warm-started dual gradient updates substantially improves multi-SLO LLM decode routing over heuristics in simulation.

  5. Taming the Chaos: Coordinated Autoscaling for Heterogeneous and Disaggregated LLM Inference

    cs.DC 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    HeteroScale coordinates scaling of prefill and decode pools using decode TPS as a single robust signal, reporting a 26.6 percentage point GPU utilization gain in production.

  6. Beyond the Buzz: A Pragmatic Take on Inference Disaggregation

    cs.DC 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Disaggregated serving (separate prefill and decode GPU pools) expands the throughput-interactivity Pareto frontier mainly for prefill-heavy workloads and models larger than about 10B parameters, provided the prefill-t...

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