Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 77 of 77 outbound references and 10 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.00334.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.00334 v4

Coverage vector

measured 77 of 77 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.923958Z

measured 87 of 87 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 10 of 10 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:14:54.586721Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T20:27:22.655814Z

Reference resolution

77 of 77 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy20
unresolved57
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation dfa64a82-f3e4-4fbc-8a91-c0f873a45394 · outbound

This paper cites Yi: Open foundation models by 01.ai, 2024.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Yi: Open foundation models by 01.ai, 2024

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.996157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7a754bac-f3c8-4621-b1b1-63914003a919 · outbound

This paper cites Have LLMs Advanced Enough? A Challenging Problem Solving Benchmark For Large Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Have LLMs Advanced Enough? A Challenging Problem Solving Benchmark For Large Language Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.560219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3efe382-092b-422f-81d2-b4bd26b189cd · outbound

This paper cites Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.565481Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7a55c46d-ba13-4d3e-ae7e-b6a54487a360 · outbound

This paper cites Phyre: A new benchmark for physical reasoning.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Phyre: A new benchmark for physical reasoning

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.570801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db3290d1-9f29-4404-bc86-75b28860d76a · outbound

This paper cites C., Jiang, A., Li, J., Lipkin, B., Qina, Z., Rasul, K., Shen, Z., Soletskyi, R., and Tunstall, L.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models C., Jiang, A., Li, J., Lipkin, B., Qina, Z., Rasul, K., Shen, Z., Soletskyi, R., and Tunstall, L

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.972953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation f2b7c793-5d80-4320-8cee-26bf9977dd3b · outbound

This paper cites Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language, 2019.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language, 2019

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.958105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 32529654-0a6f-4e30-ae48-d79234ebc383 · outbound

This paper cites and Xiao, J.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models and Xiao, J

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.943143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation f5760f9b-228f-4499-bd29-3133d095f342 · outbound

This paper cites GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoning.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoning

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.589939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 678dc7e9-6245-4c66-890e-12567e223cfe · outbound

This paper cites Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Tasks.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Tasks

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.594888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1a2a3139-759e-4fba-be85-d0dcc116ab32 · outbound

This paper cites Theoremqa: A theorem-driven question answering dataset.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Theoremqa: A theorem-driven question answering dataset

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.600188Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f82ee536-731f-43a0-acbf-21239ecf447d · outbound

This paper cites Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.604932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a98e2127-e7be-456f-88b8-e48ffecbdde7 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.610146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation eaeb221b-5dca-4adf-92f7-3a9abbb2fe92 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.615289Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c3b7f637-00ed-41ce-86f8-11279d00cfb1 · outbound

This paper cites Deepseek-v2: A strong, economical, and efficient mixture-of-experts language model, 2024.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Deepseek-v2: A strong, economical, and efficient mixture-of-experts language model, 2024

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.620787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 76a2b01c-af4a-44b0-9477-e0ac9beb7dfe · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.625523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6aaddd9a-0d46-4ad7-8d4d-7b2a14e66701 · outbound

This paper cites R., Guo, S., Valko, M., Lillicrap, T., Jimenez Rezende, D., Bengio, Y., Mozer, M.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models R., Guo, S., Valko, M., Lillicrap, T., Jimenez Rezende, D., Bengio, Y., Mozer, M

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.630889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc56c321-453b-4d2c-b24e-2ee01975d820 · outbound

This paper cites Using Large Language Model to Solve and Explain Physics Word Problems Approaching Human Level.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Using Large Language Model to Solve and Explain Physics Word Problems Approaching Human Level

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.635709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0acf3d6d-bc94-4e60-b578-47afd3eb73a0 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.640887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12a7c8d0-1ed8-4fc8-82b8-03ae4d6ffb86 · outbound

This paper cites Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark For Large Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark For Large Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.645948Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f7105ff-9692-40de-8936-ddeef5467bad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.900966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b2c03ef5-54a7-4d12-b4c2-6567dd7e1700 · outbound

This paper cites A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.885038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b3d6612d-d440-4f83-9f71-4a0684e9d5f4 · outbound

This paper cites OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problems.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problems

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.660268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1bb7913a-cdd0-4320-8953-9dd7495e1988 · outbound

This paper cites Teaching problem solving through cooperative grouping.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Teaching problem solving through cooperative grouping

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.869634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 4d1fee67-1982-4353-9f94-271a238a0088 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.669575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56e46aca-b6ae-48ed-9e84-5ae681e9e780 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.674375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4055c0d-be33-4851-b54f-dc3264ac11e3 · outbound

This paper cites E-EVAL: A Comprehensive Chinese K-12 Education Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models E-EVAL: A Comprehensive Chinese K-12 Education Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.680509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0bdf61f4-c003-4300-b450-b01da4cdb9a8 · outbound

This paper cites C-eval: A multi-level multi-discipline chinese evaluation suite for foundation models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models C-eval: A multi-level multi-discipline chinese evaluation suite for foundation models

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.854810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation c8fe7b92-3ee2-4dc6-8d3c-21ad24c25c86 · outbound

This paper cites OlympicArena: Benchmarking Multi-discipline Cognitive Reasoning for Superintelligent AI.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models OlympicArena: Benchmarking Multi-discipline Cognitive Reasoning for Superintelligent AI

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.689703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e4a5b210-2a38-4a54-8472-617ec9dba0cf · outbound

This paper cites Improving Physics Reasoning in Large Language Models Using Mixture of Refinement Agents.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Improving Physics Reasoning in Large Language Models Using Mixture of Refinement Agents

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.699355Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9eecd0ad-62dd-452c-965c-cbfdd190b6de · outbound

This paper cites and Waterman, D.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models and Waterman, D

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.840138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 461589fd-5387-4a81-b841-b78167bf7d8d · outbound

This paper cites RewardBench: Evaluating Reward Models for Language Modeling.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models RewardBench: Evaluating Reward Models for Language Modeling

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.708180Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a0ca8053-7ffe-49d3-b74e-4709480e3e3e · outbound

This paper cites H., McDermott, J., Simon, D.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models H., McDermott, J., Simon, D

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.825552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 815f659f-247a-4876-8ea6-692e4db8193a · outbound

This paper cites Solving quantitative reasoning problems with language models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Solving quantitative reasoning problems with language models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.717386Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1067bebf-2ab3-4d59-b1a7-dbe394a0e2ba · outbound

This paper cites CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in Chinese.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in Chinese

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.722002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dbacd761-f42b-4ab1-8b49-149d8edfa54a · outbound

This paper cites MathBench: Evaluating the Theory and Application Proficiency of LLMs with a Hierarchical Mathematics Benchmark.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models MathBench: Evaluating the Theory and Application Proficiency of LLMs with a Hierarchical Mathematics Benchmark

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.727197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4dd23923-960f-4496-a32b-32e8c868274f · outbound

This paper cites Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.731955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5ee7a54a-2f38-406a-bc94-05485b435731 · outbound

This paper cites MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.736714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aeef190a-fc02-420e-906c-bfd5dd951eda · outbound

This paper cites SciAgent: Tool-augmented Language Models for Scientific Reasoning.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models SciAgent: Tool-augmented Language Models for Scientific Reasoning

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.741926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5fdb79ab-3da6-4a81-9dc2-b59667104800 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.792997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation c28cf895-360c-416f-aa7e-4ad3f5af2a62 · outbound

This paper cites and Zelinski, D.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models and Zelinski, D

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.778876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a6aff332-f136-4c95-832e-45278d77ad10 · outbound

This paper cites Mathstral.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Mathstral

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.765140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 663b6940-652e-4160-b8a7-382cf4cf5b0d · outbound

This paper cites Mistral large 2.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Mistral large 2

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.751180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a115502a-d31e-4762-9456-b5d6d1a9b7fc · outbound

This paper cites The future of ai: Trends and predictions.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models The future of ai: Trends and predictions

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.736830Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 4a927086-ecf8-4dc0-b77a-85cdf8544c28 · outbound

This paper cites mistralai/mistral-small-instruct-2409.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models mistralai/mistral-small-instruct-2409

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.722054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 40225ffe-cc78-42fd-bf96-d1b82a396d98 · outbound

This paper cites Ministral model card, 2024.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Ministral model card, 2024

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.706732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation cc25c6bf-12e5-4a73-a2fb-0bf9e319903a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.691200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 94bcfa37-9b16-41c6-bf05-f2e220427666 · outbound

This paper cites Hello gpt-4o.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Hello gpt-4o

Reference 48

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.675892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ced1a210-8735-41bf-b8ec-2e14370ebc8a · outbound

This paper cites Learning to reason with llms.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Learning to reason with llms

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.659827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e47ff683-e1e8-40ab-ac28-2c36bd32ff9e · outbound

This paper cites Physics Reasoner: Knowledge-Augmented Reasoning for Solving Physics Problems with Large Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Physics Reasoner: Knowledge-Augmented Reasoning for Solving Physics Problems with Large Language Models

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.792432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation cd957bd4-6599-4b80-a27f-ddba12e40167 · outbound

This paper cites Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers

Reference 51

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.645538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b6ebbdd2-5bc8-4818-b037-e587c94cb47f · outbound

This paper cites VarBench: Robust Language Model Benchmarking Through Dynamic Variable Perturbation.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models VarBench: Robust Language Model Benchmarking Through Dynamic Variable Perturbation

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.801850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 75d09eca-4d34-4903-8e74-a3418d38ddd8 · outbound

This paper cites Qwq-32b-preview.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Qwq-32b-preview

Reference 53

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.631349Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 5860fdb6-51bc-40a9-9c62-fbedf122379c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.617574Z

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Observation ba0869d3-4fe7-4589-ba57-8418b8eac003 · outbound

This paper cites GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.815684Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b0f8ac82-35c8-49a8-a997-590d6d729cb8 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.820678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1be2511d-6190-4908-875e-0fc2d081455e · outbound

This paper cites Skywork-o1 model card, 2024.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Skywork-o1 model card, 2024

Reference 57

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:47.603317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 21e6c7c6-eae7-4913-9dcd-b675c7e2a195 · outbound

This paper cites Functional Benchmarks for Robust Evaluation of Reasoning Performance, and the Reasoning Gap.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Functional Benchmarks for Robust Evaluation of Reasoning Performance, and the Reasoning Gap

Reference 58

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.830225Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ebd56aa-b62a-4749-8f5e-49bf3e1d3e58 · outbound

This paper cites MathScale: Scaling Instruction Tuning for Mathematical Reasoning.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models MathScale: Scaling Instruction Tuning for Mathematical Reasoning

Reference 59

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.834897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e134c7b2-664b-43ef-8989-9d3f7eea4079 · outbound

This paper cites DART-Math: Difficulty-Aware Rejection Tuning for Mathematical Problem-Solving.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models DART-Math: Difficulty-Aware Rejection Tuning for Mathematical Problem-Solving

Reference 60

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.839518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e6b8108-709c-410b-868b-f31287715cb0 · outbound

This paper cites OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Data.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Data

Reference 61

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.843893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3fd8dfae-896a-4a92-9aeb-69c826dbdebe · outbound

This paper cites Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models

Reference 62

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.848670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2bbd1d43-a935-4815-a016-ae3d30df8b30 · outbound

This paper cites SciBench: Evaluating College-Level Scientific Problem-Solving Abilities of Large Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models SciBench: Evaluating College-Level Scientific Problem-Solving Abilities of Large Language Models

Reference 63

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.853497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 335e9b28-c70b-42ec-b527-a4be2ff41575 · outbound

This paper cites NEWTON: Are Large Language Models Capable of Physical Reasoning?.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models NEWTON: Are Large Language Models Capable of Physical Reasoning?

Reference 64

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.858432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ecce6d5-26e9-4d26-bf92-b1f5bd76b490 · outbound

This paper cites V., Zhou, D., et al.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models V., Zhou, D., et al

Reference 65

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.863256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b68c99a0-0a31-4c77-8059-f7199cb8f9fa · outbound

This paper cites Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questions.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questions

Reference 66

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.868008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3685bc87-8599-473e-8d16-5b6d5949c593 · outbound

This paper cites LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark

Reference 67

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.872586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fc7cd146-896d-4efd-88a2-9f264f2ea236 · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking Benchmark Leakage in Large Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Benchmarking Benchmark Leakage in Large Language Models

Reference 68

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.877517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b57605d-d29e-43b2-889a-69c049bcba51 · outbound

This paper cites Can We Verify Step by Step for Incorrect Answer Detection?.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Can We Verify Step by Step for Incorrect Answer Detection?

Reference 69

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.882169Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f188138-15eb-44d4-a37e-4245dc88973f · outbound

This paper cites Can LLMs Solve longer Math Word Problems Better?.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Can LLMs Solve longer Math Word Problems Better?

Reference 70

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.886984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db9ebfaa-48ac-4194-918c-b6c7ac841939 · outbound

This paper cites UGMathBench: A Diverse and Dynamic Benchmark for Undergraduate-Level Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models UGMathBench: A Diverse and Dynamic Benchmark for Undergraduate-Level Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 71

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.891540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a548aa7-02bb-484f-8e29-4e4c5a7ba4db · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 72

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.896167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12c4912a-0526-4a4b-8d06-0e1418a7c30c · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvement.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvement

Reference 73

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.900599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b38f87b-4619-4d65-bd20-2c4c45f5b783 · outbound

This paper cites A Careful Examination of Large Language Model Performance on Grade School Arithmetic.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models A Careful Examination of Large Language Model Performance on Grade School Arithmetic

Reference 74

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.905311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4fe7a5e4-84dc-4c3a-9b96-03c0bc0a401a · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models on GAOKAO Benchmark.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models on GAOKAO Benchmark

Reference 75

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.909958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2fab53e0-b9bd-49cf-82ae-5e44ce99d6eb · outbound

This paper cites ProcessBench: Identifying Process Errors in Mathematical Reasoning.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models ProcessBench: Identifying Process Errors in Mathematical Reasoning

Reference 76

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.914687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b974884a-c6ad-4b33-8195-5f424185ed2b · outbound

This paper cites AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models

Reference 77

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.919382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fc765548-1c1d-456b-92f0-40677b485b92 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models write newline

Reference 78

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:27:46.923958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 1d86e2bf-9923-40b9-bd92-36ec51982c3a · inbound

The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Entropy Minimization in LLM Reasoning cites this paper.

The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Entropy Minimization in LLM Reasoning UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 92

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T15:58:33.559240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d2102773-696d-4bef-a826-ea06e5e147db · inbound

PhyX: Does Your Model Have the "Wits" for Physical Reasoning? cites this paper.

PhyX: Does Your Model Have the "Wits" for Physical Reasoning? UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:14:54.586721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 03c59c30-0f57-4c2b-9221-927d494fe54b · inbound

PhySense: Principle-Based Physics Reasoning Benchmarking for Large Language Models cites this paper.

PhySense: Principle-Based Physics Reasoning Benchmarking for Large Language Models UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:22:24.926698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 679f2501-00b3-472c-8b26-bbd8d9af52dc · inbound

Superstudent intelligence in thermodynamics cites this paper.

Superstudent intelligence in thermodynamics UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:46:07.659262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e27bbd99-83e5-4a07-8c94-85830ddf5284 · inbound

DeepPHY: Benchmarking Agentic VLMs on Physical Reasoning cites this paper.

DeepPHY: Benchmarking Agentic VLMs on Physical Reasoning UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T23:27:34.271930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b9f2372c-7708-4dcd-8927-268b22404250 · inbound

Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AI cites this paper.

Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AI UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 121

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T10:01:14.002064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 8990da40-1d4b-4f9b-b376-85f45e29373e · inbound

SPM-Bench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Scanning Probe Microscopy cites this paper.

SPM-Bench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Scanning Probe Microscopy UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T20:36:06.501254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5820b1b-d91c-41dd-aeaf-1d2e857c5cdc · inbound

Hidden in Plain Sight: Visual-to-Symbolic Analytical Solution Inference from Field Visualizations cites this paper.

Hidden in Plain Sight: Visual-to-Symbolic Analytical Solution Inference from Field Visualizations UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T00:41:03.799158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 09c8bd95-5ff1-45b9-981c-eb87a0d262c5 · inbound

Fine-Tuning Small Reasoning Models for Quantum Field Theory cites this paper.

Fine-Tuning Small Reasoning Models for Quantum Field Theory UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T12:31:06.054360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 847de4d2-6bbe-4c0c-800b-16f2fc34a3f8 · inbound

ChronoPhyBench: Do MLLMs Truly Understand the World or Merely Exploit Language Priors? cites this paper.

ChronoPhyBench: Do MLLMs Truly Understand the World or Merely Exploit Language Priors? UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T20:27:22.657341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.