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Grounded Chain-of-Thought for Multimodal Large Language Models

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arxiv 2503.12799 v2 pith:NUDHDQEN submitted 2025-03-17 cs.CV cs.MM

classification cs.CVcs.MM
keywords mllmsvisualgcotmultimodalchain-of-thoughtconsistencygroundedhallucination
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Despite great progress, existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are prone to visual hallucination, greatly impeding their trustworthy applications. In this paper, we study this problem from the perspective of visual-spatial reasoning, and propose a new learning task for MLLMs, termed Grounded Chain-of-Thought (GCoT). Different from recent visual CoT studies, which focus more on visual knowledge reasoning, GCoT is keen to helping MLLMs to recognize and ground the relevant visual cues step by step, thereby predicting the correct answer with grounding coordinates as the intuitive basis. To facilitate this task, we also carefully design and construct a dataset called multimodal grounded chain-of-thought (MM-GCoT) consisting of 24,022 GCoT examples for 5,033 images. Besides, a comprehensive consistency evaluation system is also introduced, including the metrics of answer accuracy, grounding accuracy and answer-grounding consistency. We further design and conduct a bunch of experiments on 12 advanced MLLMs, and reveal some notable findings: i. most MLLMs performs poorly on the consistency evaluation, indicating obvious visual hallucination; ii. visual hallucination is not directly related to the parameter size and general multimodal performance, i.e., a larger and stronger MLLM is not less affected by this issue. Lastly, we also demonstrate that the proposed dataset can help existing MLLMs to well cultivate their GCoT capability and reduce the inconsistent answering significantly. Moreover, their GCoT can be also generalized to exiting multimodal tasks, such as open-world QA and REC.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Balancing Efficiency and Efficacy: Training-Free Attention-Guided Switching Between Explicit and Latent Thoughts for MLLMs

    cs.MM 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    AGS uses the ratio of attention to image tokens vs text tokens to switch multimodal LLMs between latent and explicit reasoning, improving accuracy and cutting decoding steps.

  2. OPLD: On-Policy Latent Distillation for Multimodal Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    On-policy distillation of a CoT-privileged teacher’s token preferences and latent trajectories yields a CoT-free student that beats prior visual-latent methods on several multimodal benchmarks.

  3. Visual Access Boundaries in Vision-Language Model Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    CoT in VLMs extends language-side computation over early image-derived states rather than prolonging direct image-token access, with gains limited by perceptual readout reliability.

  4. Boosting RL-Based Visual Reasoning with Selective Adversarial Entropy Intervention

    cs.AI 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Selectively attacking the visual input with a gradient of response entropy during GRPO sampling increases policy entropy and improves visual reasoning accuracy by roughly 1–2 points.

  5. Why Do MLLMs Struggle with Spatial Understanding? A Systematic Analysis from Data to Architecture

    cs.CV 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Spatial understanding in multimodal LLMs plateaus quickly as training data grows, and position encoding in the visual encoder is the more influential factor.

  6. Ego-R1: Chain-of-Tool-Thought for Ultra-Long Egocentric Video Reasoning

    cs.CV 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A 3B agent trained with supervised tool-use traces and reinforcement learning answers week-long egocentric video questions by dynamically selecting hierarchical retrieval, video-LLM, and VLM tools.

  7. VisReason: A Large-Scale Dataset for Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

    cs.CV 2025-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Fine-tuning Qwen2.5-VL on VisReason, a 489K-example multi-round visual chain-of-thought dataset (165K with pseudo-depth), modestly improves LLM-judged visual reasoning scores, with caveats about self-referential 3D ev...

  8. Bootstrapping Grounded Chain-of-Thought in Multimodal LLMs for Data-Efficient Model Adaptation

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Injecting self-verified bounding boxes into Chain-of-Thought data improves few-shot adaptation of multimodal LLMs on charts, tables, receipts, and reports.

  9. A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthiness in Reasoning with Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A structured literature survey concluding that reasoning capabilities do not automatically make LLMs more trustworthy and can introduce new vulnerabilities in safety, robustness, and privacy.

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