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Sim-and-Real Co-Training: A Simple Recipe for Vision-Based Robotic Manipulation

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arxiv 2503.24361 v2 pith:ZGJGH2DU submitted 2025-03-31 cs.RO cs.AIcs.LG

classification cs.ROcs.AIcs.LG
keywords datasimulationreal-worldco-trainingdatasetsrobotpolicyrecipe
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large real-world robot datasets hold great potential to train generalist robot models, but scaling real-world human data collection is time-consuming and resource-intensive. Simulation has great potential in supplementing large-scale data, especially with recent advances in generative AI and automated data generation tools that enable scalable creation of robot behavior datasets. However, training a policy solely in simulation and transferring it to the real world often demands substantial human effort to bridge the reality gap. A compelling alternative is to co-train the policy on a mixture of simulation and real-world datasets. Preliminary studies have recently shown this strategy to substantially improve the performance of a policy over one trained on a limited amount of real-world data. Nonetheless, the community lacks a systematic understanding of sim-and-real co-training and what it takes to reap the benefits of simulation data for real-robot learning. This work presents a simple yet effective recipe for utilizing simulation data to solve vision-based robotic manipulation tasks. We derive this recipe from comprehensive experiments that validate the co-training strategy on various simulation and real-world datasets. Using two domains--a robot arm and a humanoid--across diverse tasks, we demonstrate that simulation data can enhance real-world task performance by an average of 38%, even with notable differences between the simulation and real-world data. Videos and additional results can be found at https://co-training.github.io/

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Scale Up Strategically: Learning Compositional Generalization via Bias-Aware Evaluation and Data Collection for Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Robot instruction-following policies consistently over-rely on color and under-ground verbs and size, and reallocating training demonstrations to under-grounded factors improves compositional generalization with fewer demos.

  2. SimFoundry: Modular and Automated Scene Generation for Policy Learning and Evaluation

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    SimFoundry automates zero-shot real-to-sim scene generation from video, producing digital twins and cousins that enable policy training with 0.911 mean Pearson correlation to real-world results and 17-40% success gain...

  3. Beyond Imitation: Reinforcement Learning-Based Sim-Real Co-Training for VLA Models

    cs.RO 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Adding a real-world supervised loss to simulation reinforcement learning improves real-robot success and data efficiency for VLA co-training.

  4. ClutterDexGrasp: A Sim-to-Real System for General Dexterous Grasping in Cluttered Scenes

    cs.RO 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A simulation-trained teacher-student policy achieves zero-shot sim-to-real closed-loop target-oriented dexterous grasping in cluttered scenes, with 83.9 percent real-world success.

  5. CableRobotGraphSim: A Graph Neural Network for Modeling Partially Observable Cable-Driven Robot Dynamics

    cs.RO 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A fully learnable GNN predicts cable-driven tensegrity dynamics from partial observations and serves as the transition model for closed-loop MPPI navigation, beating differentiable physics baselines.

  6. HERMES: Human-to-Robot Embodied Learning from Multi-Source Motion Data for Mobile Dexterous Manipulation

    cs.RO 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    HERMES converts a single human motion demonstration into a deployable mobile bimanual dexterous manipulation policy, using RL, depth-image distillation, and closed-loop PnP pose refinement.

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