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A Framework for Benchmarking and Aligning Task-Planning Safety in LLM-Based Embodied Agents

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arxiv 2504.14650 v1 pith:KVF46EE7 submitted 2025-04-20 cs.AI

classification cs.AI
keywords agentssafetyembodiedllm-basedtask-planningacrossbehaviorscomprehensive
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial promise in enhancing task-planning capabilities within embodied agents due to their advanced reasoning and comprehension. However, the systemic safety of these agents remains an underexplored frontier. In this study, we present Safe-BeAl, an integrated framework for the measurement (SafePlan-Bench) and alignment (Safe-Align) of LLM-based embodied agents' behaviors. SafePlan-Bench establishes a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating task-planning safety, encompassing 2,027 daily tasks and corresponding environments distributed across 8 distinct hazard categories (e.g., Fire Hazard). Our empirical analysis reveals that even in the absence of adversarial inputs or malicious intent, LLM-based agents can exhibit unsafe behaviors. To mitigate these hazards, we propose Safe-Align, a method designed to integrate physical-world safety knowledge into LLM-based embodied agents while maintaining task-specific performance. Experiments across a variety of settings demonstrate that Safe-BeAl provides comprehensive safety validation, improving safety by 8.55 - 15.22%, compared to embodied agents based on GPT-4, while ensuring successful task completion.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. When Words Are Safe But Actions Kill: Probing Physical Danger Beyond Text Safety in Hidden-State Risk Space

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Content danger and physical danger form separable hidden-state signals in LLMs, and a single-layer logistic probe (PRISM) detects both at lower false-positive rates than LLM judges or text guardrails.

  2. TSHA: A Benchmark for Visual Language Models in Trustworthy Safety Hazard Assessment Scenarios

    cs.CV 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    TSHA is a new 80,000-pair benchmark for indoor safety hazard assessment; current vision-language models score roughly 45-85, and fine-tuning on TSHA raised Qwen2.5-VL-3B by 18.3 points on TSHA's test set.

  3. Safety in Embodied AI: A Survey of Risks, Attacks, and Defenses

    cs.CR 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    The survey organizes over 400 papers on embodied AI safety into a multi-level taxonomy and flags overlooked issues such as fragile multimodal fusion and unstable planning under jailbreaks.

  4. Security of World-Model-Based Embodied AI: A Lifecycle of Threats, Defenses, and Evaluation

    cs.CR 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.5 of 10

    World-model-based embodied AI creates a predictive security boundary where attacks on data, sensors, imagination, ranking, and feedback can turn into unsafe physical action and false safety certificates.

  5. S3LoRA: Safe Spectral Sharpness-Guided Pruning in Adaptation of Agent Planner

    cs.AI 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    S3LoRA prunes LoRA layers with the sharpest spectral update concentration to improve safety in fine-tuned LLM agents without needing base models or extra data.

  6. Multi-level Value Alignment in Agentic AI Systems: Survey and Perspectives

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey proposes a macro-meso-micro value framework for agentic AI alignment and maps applications, methods, and benchmarks onto it.

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