Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.278332Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education
As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 12 of 12 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.17720.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:59:48.082118Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T19:03:09.433609Z
Reference resolution
12 of 12 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy0
- unresolved9
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier1
- metadata mismatch2
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation b6d4e88c-635b-4a4c-b938-084ea085cdf9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.479081Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.
Observation 16f4a55c-9cd0-4ce2-92fb-700580a5e5f5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.465552Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.
Observation 05e088a4-3259-4e1e-b2e9-3a4b850fe641 · outbound
This paper cites Evaluating the Elementary Multilingual Capabilities of Large Language Models with MultiQ.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Evaluating the Elementary Multilingual Capabilities of Large Language Models with MultiQ
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.127468Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e4fe3a65-0e12-4877-b35e-c9e65bfdc822 · outbound
This paper cites Large Language Models Only Pass Primary School Exams in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Test on IndoMMLU.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Large Language Models Only Pass Primary School Exams in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Test on IndoMMLU
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.244219Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d57a560d-7c49-46d3-bc3b-a714c37c84d1 · outbound
This paper cites World Models for Math Story Problems.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education World Models for Math Story Problems
Reference 6
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.383232Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.
Observation e9eb61a0-7e0d-498c-b8da-dbedd017f3e0 · outbound
This paper cites Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.264369Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 778592a7-0864-488e-9c0e-3d109b4d6591 · outbound
This paper cites Command A: An Enterprise-Ready Large Language Model.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Command A: An Enterprise-Ready Large Language Model
Reference 1982
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.122306Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e41a1dce-3807-469e-9477-5c5982c46253 · outbound
This paper cites Kaleidoscope: In-language Exams for Massively Multilingual Vision Evaluation.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Kaleidoscope: In-language Exams for Massively Multilingual Vision Evaluation
Reference 2022
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.255411Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7b965999-6810-435b-8fc3-0ef1fe4ff102 · outbound
This paper cites Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting
Reference 2023
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.131972Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cda0b3fd-83cc-44b2-b2e4-89a660941314 · outbound
This paper cites LLMs in Education: Novel Perspectives, Challenges, and Opportunities.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education LLMs in Education: Novel Perspectives, Challenges, and Opportunities
Reference 2024
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.116613Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7367513a-b3a9-45f3-ae97-cb9c8b70ece7 · outbound
This paper cites AI-Assisted Human Evaluation of Machine Translation.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education AI-Assisted Human Evaluation of Machine Translation
Reference 2025
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.320867Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.
Observation 53c5a392-feee-4fc3-9848-5edabb3dc172 · outbound
This paper cites MMLU-ProX: A Multilingual Benchmark for Advanced Large Language Model Evaluation.
Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education MMLU-ProX: A Multilingual Benchmark for Advanced Large Language Model Evaluation
Reference 2274
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.259852Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Pith citing papers
Observation 8f177c65-f17c-41da-a3dc-6d77d41e7d66 · inbound
LLM Web Dynamics: Tracing Model Collapse in a Network of LLMs cites this paper.
LLM Web Dynamics: Tracing Model Collapse in a Network of LLMs Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:59:48.082118Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 00239d4f-2dad-4222-ad39-9588f8527909 · inbound
Alvorada-Bench: Can Language Models Solve Brazilian University Entrance Exams? cites this paper.
Alvorada-Bench: Can Language Models Solve Brazilian University Entrance Exams? Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T19:03:09.498587Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.