Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 42 of 42 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.00114.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.00114 v1

Coverage vector

measured 42 of 42 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.912424Z

measured 42 of 42 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

42 of 42 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy2
unresolved36
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a8edb4be-2ced-466a-843c-a74a3858ae67 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:53.878845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 151141d8-bed6-424a-aabf-dc8a9ad9bd82 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:53.970125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d646e3a6-aa9e-42cf-8264-1ee6de91910d · outbound

This paper cites Chowdhury, Maram Hasanain, Basel Mousi, Sabri Boughorbel, Yassine El Kheir, Daniel Izham, Fahim Dalvi, Majd Hawasly, Nizi Nazar, Yousseif Elshahawy, Ahmed M.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Chowdhury, Maram Hasanain, Basel Mousi, Sabri Boughorbel, Yassine El Kheir, Daniel Izham, Fahim Dalvi, Majd Hawasly, Nizi Nazar, Yousseif Elshahawy, Ahmed M

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.490992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7fc2fb45-5088-4541-ae7c-0971689a8fe4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.477480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4b1592ed-1a16-4d3f-8c22-b7789ce95497 · outbound

This paper cites Dallah: A Dialect-Aware Multimodal Large Language Model for Arabic.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Dallah: A Dialect-Aware Multimodal Large Language Model for Arabic

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.280525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 792c27b3-bcc8-4f1d-8a06-d5f48a1b0262 · outbound

This paper cites Aya 23: Open Weight Releases to Further Multilingual Progress.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Aya 23: Open Weight Releases to Further Multilingual Progress

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.022593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf5de3a5-95ff-4916-a53e-723dfc6aa60b · outbound

This paper cites Exploring Autonomous Agents through the Lens of Large Language Models: A Review.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Exploring Autonomous Agents through the Lens of Large Language Models: A Review

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.027868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81d8da05-6afb-4aec-bfa7-33adc0f37a45 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.464610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 31513c2f-e4df-45af-b758-aab58b7adaef · outbound

This paper cites TEaR: Improving LLM-based Machine Translation with Systematic Self-Refinement.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese TEaR: Improving LLM-based Machine Translation with Systematic Self-Refinement

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.075907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e68d4f90-9a99-45a4-84db-d771788d2042 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.449445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 091c8682-c4ff-4947-8913-59aac017817a · outbound

This paper cites The unreasonable effectiveness of few-shot learning for machine translation.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese The unreasonable effectiveness of few-shot learning for machine translation

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.254541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8e183303-c592-48fd-95df-b0fda10498fd · outbound

This paper cites Dictionary-based Phrase-level Prompting of Large Language Models for Machine Translation.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Dictionary-based Phrase-level Prompting of Large Language Models for Machine Translation

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.260838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc3eefe3-60f4-4fab-8826-88bfe51691b6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.436008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a6261d45-f51c-4379-8790-950b376f410f · outbound

This paper cites How Good Are GPT Models at Machine Translation? A Comprehensive Evaluation.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese How Good Are GPT Models at Machine Translation? A Comprehensive Evaluation

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.415710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b7c98c5e-60bc-48ab-8f0e-3092ed16ad1d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.421483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 041916be-58d0-4511-8df8-de5dfc7f7f1a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.421143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4abee6e1-cfa3-4a82-a576-80db6a1bc2a1 · outbound

This paper cites ParroT: Translating during Chat using Large Language Models tuned with Human Translation and Feedback.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese ParroT: Translating during Chat using Large Language Models tuned with Human Translation and Feedback

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.197742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3eb8d5d2-6c64-4486-8c2e-1762bee90ede · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.406213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7f270170-66dc-49e8-a8c2-241cab4d2499 · outbound

This paper cites TARJAMAT: Evaluation of Bard and ChatGPT on Machine Translation of Ten Arabic Varieties.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese TARJAMAT: Evaluation of Bard and ChatGPT on Machine Translation of Ten Arabic Varieties

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.441519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a7fffa5-06c7-4226-a01d-c23d1686addf · outbound

This paper cites Tawkat Islam Khondaker, Numaan Naeem, Fatimah Khan, AbdelRahim Elmadany, and Muhammad Abdul-Mageed.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Tawkat Islam Khondaker, Numaan Naeem, Fatimah Khan, AbdelRahim Elmadany, and Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.391435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation fcef5450-8772-4234-8231-738f880c30a6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.376340Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3b38639b-04ff-4d24-a328-eec93015dd69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.362524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 43036c1e-96c7-4af2-9aa9-4c149438b1b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.348973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 5ac61efe-560a-469c-b1b3-3dbf27290baf · outbound

This paper cites Tuning LLMs with Contrastive Alignment Instructions for Machine Translation in Unseen, Low-resource Languages.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Tuning LLMs with Contrastive Alignment Instructions for Machine Translation in Unseen, Low-resource Languages

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.168901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ed8513ee-fc85-4524-85ad-d9c6b8137395 · outbound

This paper cites AraDiCE: Benchmarks for Dialectal and Cultural Capabilities in LLMs.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese AraDiCE: Benchmarks for Dialectal and Cultural Capabilities in LLMs

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.488981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0a98243d-ead4-46ef-94d7-f811bc99a8ea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.494766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 340d2399-91af-4ddf-92e4-c8cf386d34f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.500013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a8821052-ac67-4102-bb87-e5d4eead6071 · outbound

This paper cites Task-Based MoE for Multitask Multilingual Machine Translation.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Task-Based MoE for Multitask Multilingual Machine Translation

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.503876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 84026e5a-bfdb-4177-aae8-b2ab9ef2735e · outbound

This paper cites BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.509811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d51019b3-4db3-48d2-99c1-efe5d9504187 · outbound

This paper cites Jais and Jais-chat: Arabic-Centric Foundation and Instruction-Tuned Open Generative Large Language Models.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Jais and Jais-chat: Arabic-Centric Foundation and Instruction-Tuned Open Generative Large Language Models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.626154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 29c46688-0508-46c3-97a0-6f64ab6b537d · outbound

This paper cites Prompt Engineering or Fine-Tuning: An Empirical Assessment of LLMs for Code.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Prompt Engineering or Fine-Tuning: An Empirical Assessment of LLMs for Code

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.699533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 288c957b-dfd3-4291-8333-7a3ba6a427d8 · outbound

This paper cites A Benchmark for Learning to Translate a New Language from One Grammar Book.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese A Benchmark for Learning to Translate a New Language from One Grammar Book

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.808396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a7bef746-55fc-453f-90f4-5d5610a75f9a · outbound

This paper cites Hashimoto.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Hashimoto

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.813761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0194c51b-e6bb-4e0c-89c1-91c119415be2 · outbound

This paper cites No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.819623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16fe7f78-d548-4a36-8130-e1ab0fac56ab · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.823945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3125aa9f-a9f9-4ee1-9f28-873027330b65 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.319664Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c471f6fc-fdf7-4436-b022-aa8f1b0a49f9 · outbound

This paper cites Contrastive Preference Optimization: Pushing the Boundaries of LLM Performance in Machine Translation.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Contrastive Preference Optimization: Pushing the Boundaries of LLM Performance in Machine Translation

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.833935Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90dd2b08-75aa-42aa-a9cd-9223848763b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.307407Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation bf80c311-36dd-4b14-be9b-9aa016d415fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:55.294570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4bf593c6-bff3-422c-83d8-a681f0f13526 · outbound

This paper cites Prompting Large Language Model for Machine Translation: A Case Study.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Prompting Large Language Model for Machine Translation: A Case Study

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.901195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e728bf3-7060-477e-a8e2-f8ff9449eee5 · outbound

This paper cites Teaching Large Language Models an Unseen Language on the Fly.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese Teaching Large Language Models an Unseen Language on the Fly

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.906430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a4e266a-e07b-4ea0-9f21-838bfe4ec6f1 · outbound

This paper cites PLUG: Leveraging Pivot Language in Cross-Lingual Instruction Tuning.

Fine-Tuning LLMs for Low-Resource Dialect Translation: The Case of Lebanese PLUG: Leveraging Pivot Language in Cross-Lingual Instruction Tuning

Reference 42

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T04:58:54.974168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.