Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.18792.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.18792 v1

Coverage vector

measured 47 of 47 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:05.382004Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

47 of 47 outbound references displayed

verified exact8
verified fuzzy12
unresolved24
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7945d1fc-11d3-4a63-86b4-cbf51c4ea8b8 · outbound

This paper cites "Can you be my mum?": Manipulating Social Robots in the Large Language Models Era.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force "Can you be my mum?": Manipulating Social Robots in the Large Language Models Era

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:08.022673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 06106b82-138f-4a14-ac74-ade6b2ee2d5d · outbound

This paper cites Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:02.000439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 783120bc-133e-4acc-b9ab-af83ed2e13d4 · outbound

This paper cites Autort: Embodied foundation models for large scale orchestration of robotic agents, 2024.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Autort: Embodied foundation models for large scale orchestration of robotic agents, 2024

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:02.132586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f63a6d2-9af1-4a21-aa1d-8cc732137415 · outbound

This paper cites Helix: A vision-language-action model for generalist humanoid control, 2025.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Helix: A vision-language-action model for generalist humanoid control, 2025

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:10.462967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 4d595da4-754d-420b-b99a-b52720aa6639 · outbound

This paper cites What should we want from a robot ethic? The International Review of Information Ethics , 6:9–16, Dec.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force What should we want from a robot ethic? The International Review of Information Ethics , 6:9–16, Dec

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:06.311501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f8f71cc6-6d0d-4105-ae17-723a1d2ce142 · outbound

This paper cites Runaround, 1942.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Runaround, 1942

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:10.289230Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 3be40990-40e5-46d1-80eb-9967575d594f · outbound

This paper cites Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:02.480353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9336157-143b-4195-89f4-d7d4f7d72663 · outbound

This paper cites The State of Robot Motion Generation.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force The State of Robot Motion Generation

Reference 8

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:07.706051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 7a38ffda-82bf-41cd-87e7-c4e32ba7b066 · outbound

This paper cites Human-centered evaluation of language technologies.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Human-centered evaluation of language technologies

Reference 9

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:10.046114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation c032d0df-53b0-40da-a579-1bc590500d19 · outbound

This paper cites Robot Ethics: Ethical Design Con- siderations, pages 473–491.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Robot Ethics: Ethical Design Con- siderations, pages 473–491

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:06.148731Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation cb0e026b-a111-4301-96a1-07fb25f138c8 · outbound

This paper cites Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:02.818167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 809b27e8-e0fd-4501-90ec-0a11e0a14452 · outbound

This paper cites OpenHelix: A Short Survey, Empirical Analysis, and Open-Source Dual-System VLA Model for Robotic Manipulation.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force OpenHelix: A Short Survey, Empirical Analysis, and Open-Source Dual-System VLA Model for Robotic Manipulation

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:02.889609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 699195c4-998f-4c35-96ba-dd3f3c9b2b46 · outbound

This paper cites Robots: ethical by design.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Robots: ethical by design

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:05.873506Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 5adf3b9e-4391-492e-9a5f-812f08e031a5 · outbound

This paper cites Physically grounded vision-language models for robotic manipulation.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Physically grounded vision-language models for robotic manipulation

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:09.785015Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 96d60416-ca4e-44d4-86ac-6ac616a39f91 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini robotics: Bringing ai into the physical world, 2025.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Gemini robotics: Bringing ai into the physical world, 2025

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:09.675626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation dbaff22c-c447-427a-ad48-7b9a523046ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:03.184929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e215b7f-4f44-489e-841b-b19d7eeb9e6e · outbound

This paper cites ReKep: Spatio-Temporal Reasoning of Relational Keypoint Constraints for Robotic Manipulation.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force ReKep: Spatio-Temporal Reasoning of Relational Keypoint Constraints for Robotic Manipulation

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:03.279466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3c90c5e4-57d3-4fcf-93b1-091ea1f2d4d9 · outbound

This paper cites Rieder, Debra J.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Rieder, Debra J

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:05.726174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f69ad020-37ec-4012-8a43-2329d26088cc · outbound

This paper cites Regulating artificial intelligence and robotics: ethics by design in a digital society.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Regulating artificial intelligence and robotics: ethics by design in a digital society

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:07.424676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 5c5429ad-23f4-4eb7-a83b-6bc28baa5af5 · outbound

This paper cites Thorny roses: Investigating the dual use dilemma in natural language processing.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Thorny roses: Investigating the dual use dilemma in natural language processing

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:05.592342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 987817a1-95cd-4b80-a10d-6b16955a9252 · outbound

This paper cites Openvla: An open-source vision-language-action model,.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Openvla: An open-source vision-language-action model,

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:03.509984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6ecea53b-35b2-4fdd-b5c5-2c7d61e9c3be · outbound

This paper cites Code as policies: Language model programs for em- bodied control.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Code as policies: Language model programs for em- bodied control

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:09.531087Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation a71a28eb-6ca8-4033-bad5-f10441bcf5af · outbound

This paper cites Rethinking Model Evaluation as Narrowing the Socio-Technical Gap.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Rethinking Model Evaluation as Narrowing the Socio-Technical Gap

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:03.775256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 00fa281b-d525-44c4-bf84-7eb928b5a862 · outbound

This paper cites Compromising embodied agents with contextual backdoor attacks, 2024.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Compromising embodied agents with contextual backdoor attacks, 2024

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:09.366771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 60f0b33e-bbb2-4aeb-8569-104482939261 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Robustness of Decision-Level Through Adversarial Attacks on LLM-Based Embodied Models.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Exploring the Robustness of Decision-Level Through Adversarial Attacks on LLM-Based Embodied Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:03.906003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07f13506-9b4c-4715-b45b-e0cc92ab2bd5 · outbound

This paper cites Poex: Understanding and mitigating policy executable jailbreak attacks against embodied ai,.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Poex: Understanding and mitigating policy executable jailbreak attacks against embodied ai,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:09.092949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 097d30ff-066b-49bd-aee5-ba096ebfea01 · outbound

This paper cites Octo: An open-source generalist robot policy.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Octo: An open-source generalist robot policy

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:08.857060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 10019fb6-be34-4f30-9a33-25ec1695f479 · outbound

This paper cites Sayplan: Grounding large language models using 3d scene graphs for scalable robot task planning.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Sayplan: Grounding large language models using 3d scene graphs for scalable robot task planning

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:08.732626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 5126768d-a3ac-4e34-8481-7ac88985e375 · outbound

This paper cites Pappas, and Hamed Hassani.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Pappas, and Hamed Hassani

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:04.213861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b794425-98bd-4334-a45a-aa2472066274 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:08.620268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 73879f5e-8dd3-444c-a855-4186f5ca45b3 · outbound

This paper cites Generating Robot Constitutions & Benchmarks for Semantic Safety.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Generating Robot Constitutions & Benchmarks for Semantic Safety

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:04.365739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 82c358f0-7061-478f-b135-7d556603ea03 · outbound

This paper cites Welcome to the era of experience, 2025.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Welcome to the era of experience, 2025

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:08.476740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation afea65f3-3608-47a9-9b43-09defa34802e · outbound

This paper cites ProgPrompt: pro- gram generation for situated robot task planning using large language models.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force ProgPrompt: pro- gram generation for situated robot task planning using large language models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:04.552409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96843665-4474-4394-883e-a0e9b22556cb · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Adversarial Vulnerabilities of Vision-Language-Action Models in Robotics.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Exploring the Adversarial Vulnerabilities of Vision-Language-Action Models in Robotics

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:04.625279Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 28a67709-109f-4c9d-b652-f2a86917034a · outbound

This paper cites Trojanrobot: Physical-world backdoor attacks against vlm-based robotic manipulation, 2025.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Trojanrobot: Physical-world backdoor attacks against vlm-based robotic manipulation, 2025

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:04.702688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c4ccfae3-8fe0-42c9-af78-52eccfd976e8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:04.808205Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f11738f1-e6fc-4133-9a56-bda39ed13adf · outbound

This paper cites Meta-control: Automatic model-based control synthesis for heterogeneous robot skills.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Meta-control: Automatic model-based control synthesis for heterogeneous robot skills

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:08.329240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 78fb0f22-f5fe-4532-8806-b85a5fd81ee1 · outbound

This paper cites On the Vulnerability of LLM/VLM-Controlled Robotics.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force On the Vulnerability of LLM/VLM-Controlled Robotics

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:04.955981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c1810b6a-1bc0-4c7b-907a-0dcad1f2b10d · outbound

This paper cites Towards Forceful Robotic Foundation Models: a Literature Survey.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Towards Forceful Robotic Foundation Models: a Literature Survey

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:05.001694Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8872d021-866f-42b0-9bac-e8de891db8fb · outbound

This paper cites DeliGrasp: Inferring Object Properties with LLMs for Adaptive Grasp Policies.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force DeliGrasp: Inferring Object Properties with LLMs for Adaptive Grasp Policies

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:05.085231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aef9ef3a-1e89-4eaa-9394-7ffebecd3e9f · outbound

This paper cites Unfettered Forceful Skill Acquisition with Physical Reasoning and Coordinate Frame Labeling.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Unfettered Forceful Skill Acquisition with Physical Reasoning and Coordinate Frame Labeling

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:06.542704Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 1e6eeb16-9aba-40b5-b34c-4ed7cc3fb138 · outbound

This paper cites Language to rewards for robotic skill synthesis.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Language to rewards for robotic skill synthesis

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:08.172992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation e2de53a4-3b18-4735-991b-48d8882f0416 · outbound

This paper cites RoboPoint: A Vision-Language Model for Spatial Affordance Prediction for Robotics.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force RoboPoint: A Vision-Language Model for Spatial Affordance Prediction for Robotics

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:05.321365Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ddebf95c-1e5a-4655-9096-13649d66c571 · outbound

This paper cites BadRobot: Jailbreaking Embodied LLM Agents in the Physical World.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force BadRobot: Jailbreaking Embodied LLM Agents in the Physical World

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:05.382004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b133c33-b848-4ead-a942-30e50d486b5f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force Unresolved cited work

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:03.687858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 032ccc6d-736c-4f3a-99d3-a8b3513c1918 · outbound

This paper cites OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:03.560968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8d4be38f-7a91-4068-b805-156f286b0adb · outbound

This paper cites POEX: Towards Policy Executable Jailbreak Attacks Against the LLM-based Robots.

On the Dual-Use Dilemma in Physical Reasoning and Force POEX: Towards Policy Executable Jailbreak Attacks Against the LLM-based Robots

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:28:04.019234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.