Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.23123.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.23123 v1

Coverage vector

measured 25 of 25 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:18.970836Z

measured 25 of 25 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

25 of 25 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy6
unresolved18
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation dfacbce3-f7d5-48a5-88db-cf7777230c61 · outbound

This paper cites Overview of the TREC 2019 deep learning track.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Overview of the TREC 2019 deep learning track

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:16.931475Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 24575f16-a47f-46c5-a364-388549d0f3d8 · outbound

This paper cites RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language Models.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.176411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02feb204-1c97-4b31-9a48-4e0bbff572fd · outbound

This paper cites Lauren Kogen.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Lauren Kogen

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:20.073633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7127de67-e602-47ba-839e-9ae78e7c7aa1 · outbound

This paper cites Quantifying the Carbon Emissions of Machine Learning.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Quantifying the Carbon Emissions of Machine Learning

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.257817Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8e07427f-0d7b-4129-ba89-fc6fc81c6cf5 · outbound

This paper cites TextAttack: A Framework for Adversarial Attacks, Data Augmentation, and Adversarial Training in NLP.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy TextAttack: A Framework for Adversarial Attacks, Data Augmentation, and Adversarial Training in NLP

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.358520Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15dd3107-b034-425d-b3da-a8afe8b1f7f0 · outbound

This paper cites Passage Re-ranking with BERT.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Passage Re-ranking with BERT

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.551339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f778ab00-6bfc-45f3-9e58-6d5a033bd644 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.850768Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c71c3e02-cfa1-4fba-94da-293fd4e90284 · outbound

This paper cites Characteristics of Harmful Text: Towards Rigorous Benchmarking of Language Models.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Characteristics of Harmful Text: Towards Rigorous Benchmarking of Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.970882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 76482dc7-8601-4d3d-822d-3e72a15b1828 · outbound

This paper cites Raphael Satter.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Raphael Satter

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:19.597075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4ea22c92-c808-4483-9dee-a5048f04a003 · outbound

This paper cites Structured access: an emerging paradigm for safe AI deployment.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Structured access: an emerging paradigm for safe AI deployment

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:18.252795Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7336d16a-214d-4890-b155-87a5cfbcc956 · outbound

This paper cites LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:18.574387Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 514c3843-ff61-4b96-ac50-1b2719878820 · outbound

This paper cites Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:18.735898Z

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Observation a6569e4b-e20e-4d10-ab48-1eac662a153c · outbound

This paper cites Sheared LLaMA: Accelerating Language Model Pre-training via Structured Pruning.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Sheared LLaMA: Accelerating Language Model Pre-training via Structured Pruning

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:18.970836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b51068d5-fef9-4c39-9bfb-d437ebe694fa · outbound

This paper cites Max Bartolo, Alastair Roberts, Johannes Welbl, Sebastian Riedel, and Pontus Stene- torp.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Max Bartolo, Alastair Roberts, Johannes Welbl, Sebastian Riedel, and Pontus Stene- torp

Reference 68

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:20.785129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 42f4c6e0-6b94-48d2-982a-2c3563b7fd4e · outbound

This paper cites Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity

Reference 2012

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.060804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 363c3a79-8f54-4e7b-8264-fc02fa731c5f · outbound

This paper cites InEmpirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP).

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy InEmpirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)

Reference 2015

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:20.309920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 916692dc-d15b-4977-955f-5c4d47f4e5ad · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016), pages 1–18, San Diego, California.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy InProceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016), pages 1–18, San Diego, California

Reference 2016

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:19.837378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 38f09f04-3755-4ce7-a422-0b520abebc69 · outbound

This paper cites Perturbation Augmentation for Fairer NLP.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Perturbation Augmentation for Fairer NLP

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.710104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 636855fe-a09e-4362-b3a0-b8aa29da2c20 · outbound

This paper cites The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:16.786319Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3982aa2e-232f-4f58-a06f-f5b18295cb78 · outbound

This paper cites In World Wide Web (WWW), pages 491–500.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy In World Wide Web (WWW), pages 491–500

Reference 2019

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:20.584601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d113bc12-1142-444f-ad3f-9506859e6af3 · outbound

This paper cites Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.126930Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c1d9e6e-5a8b-497c-8c7e-7ffbd846764b · outbound

This paper cites Tools for Verifying Neural Models' Training Data.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Tools for Verifying Neural Models' Training Data

Reference 2021

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:19.363544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c542e50b-fa77-482e-845c-6972972e1767 · outbound

This paper cites On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:16.569170Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7c45a1c5-2538-46a5-a321-da48154929df · outbound

This paper cites QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.003577Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5d1e880-3476-4d3d-89aa-1e70d1d34225 · outbound

This paper cites Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Models.

The Societal Impact of Foundation Models: Advancing Evidence-based AI Policy Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Models

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:53:17.215298Z

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Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.