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arxiv: 2509.07842 · v2 · submitted 2025-09-09 · ✦ hep-ph

Jet cone size dependence of single inclusive jet suppression due to jet quenching in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt{s_{rm NN}}=5.02 TeV

Qing-Fei Han , Man Xie , Han-Zhong Zhang This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 17:38 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph
keywords jet quenchingnuclear modification factorcone size dependencePb+Pb collisionsenergy lossquark-gluon plasmaperturbative QCDR_AA
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The pith

The nuclear modification factor R_AA for jets in Pb+Pb collisions increases with jet cone size R as in-cone energy loss decreases.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper studies how jet suppression in heavy-ion collisions varies with the chosen jet cone radius. It uses a perturbative QCD parton model that combines elastic scattering losses, including recoiling thermal partons, with inelastic losses from gluon radiation whose angles and soft thermalization are tracked. Calculations show that larger cones retain more of the jet's energy, producing a higher R_AA because fewer partons and gluons leave the cone. The resulting double ratios of R_AA at different radii are near unity at small R and high transverse momentum, matching data from ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS in both central and mid-central collisions at 5.02 TeV. This R dependence supplies information on the angular structure of jet quenching inside the quark-gluon plasma.

Core claim

Within the perturbative QCD parton model that incorporates both elastic and inelastic energy loss, the jet nuclear modification factor R_AA increases with cone size R because the net in-cone energy loss decreases at larger radii. As R grows, the probability that elastically scattered partons escape the cone and the chance that radiated gluons fall outside the cone both drop, yielding less apparent suppression. The double ratios R_AA(R=0.4)/R_AA(R=0.2) and similar ratios up to R=1.0 remain approximately unity for small radii and for p_T above 200 GeV/c, consistent with the measured data within uncertainties.

What carries the argument

The cone radius R applied to in-cone energy loss, where elastic contributions are reduced by recoiling thermal partons and inelastic contributions are shaped by the angular distribution of radiated gluons plus their thermalization.

If this is right

  • R_AA increases with jet cone size R because in-cone energy loss falls at larger radii.
  • Double ratios of R_AA for different cone sizes stay close to one at small R and high p_T.
  • The calculated R dependence agrees with ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS data in 0-10% and 30-50% centrality classes.
  • The R dependence supplies direct information on the angular character of jet energy loss in the QGP.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same framework could be used to predict how cone-size choice affects other jet observables such as jet mass or substructure in the same collisions.
  • If the R dependence persists in future data at different beam energies, it would constrain the transport coefficients that govern gluon radiation angles.
  • Measurements with very large cones might reveal whether additional medium-induced effects outside the model become important.

Load-bearing premise

The specific angular distributions chosen for radiated gluons and the modeling of soft gluon thermalization correctly determine how much energy remains inside the jet cone.

What would settle it

Precision measurements showing R_AA decreasing with increasing R at high p_T, or double ratios far from unity beyond experimental uncertainties, would indicate that the reduction in in-cone energy loss with larger cones does not hold.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2509.07842 by Han-Zhong Zhang, Man Xie, Qing-Fei Han.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Single-inclusive jet cross sections for various jet-radius parameters [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: The global fit χ 2 /d.o.f results from fitting to jet RAA in 0-10% Pb+Pb collisions at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV. Using αs = 0.189−0.223, we computed the nuclear modification factors RAA(pT) of single inclusive jet for various jet radii R with the NLO pQCD parton model in 0-10% Pb+Pb collisions at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV. As shown in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: The nuclear modification factors RAA of single inclu￾sive jet as functions of pT for various jet radius parameters R in 0-10% Pb+Pb collisions at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV, compared with measurements from ALICE [28], ATLAS [26], and CMS [30] collaborations. From top to bottom, the subplots corre￾spond to R= 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1.0, respectively. escape the jet cone decreases, and (ii) the likelihood that recoiling … view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: The double ratios of the single-inclusive jet [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: The energy loss of a light-quark jet with cone-size [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: The nuclear modification factors RAA of single inclu￾sive jet as functions of pT for various jet radius parameters R in 30-50% Pb+Pb collisions at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV, compared with measurements from ALICE [28], ATLAS [26], and CMS [30] collaborations. From top to bottom, the subplots corre￾spond to R= 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1.0, respectively. collaborations, covering jet pT = 40−1000 GeV/c, radii R= 0.2−1.0 and… view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: The global fit χ 2 /d.o.f results from fitting to jet RAA in 30-50% Pb+Pb collisions at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 R A A ( p T ) ALICE(30-50%) CMS(30-50%) RAA(| jet| < 0.7) RAA(| jet| < 2.0) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 R A A ( p T ) ALICE(30-50%) CMS(30-50%) ATLAS(30-40%) ATLAS(40-50%) RAA(30 50%| jet| < 0.5) RAA(30 50%| jet| < 2.0) RAA(30 40%| jet| < 2.8) RAA(40 50%| jet| < 2.8) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6… view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: The double ratios of the single-inclusive jet [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_9.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Jet suppression in high-energy heavy-ion collisions results from jet energy loss and transverse-momentum broadening during jet propagation through the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The jet cone size ($R$) dependence of this suppression offers crucial insights into the energy loss mechanisms and QGP transport properties. In our study, we implement a comprehensive approach within the perturbative QCD parton model that incorporates both elastic and inelastic energy loss mechanisms. For elastic processes the contribution from recoiling thermal partons reduces the net in-cone energy loss for a given jet radius. For inelastic processes, we account for the angular distribution of radiated gluons, the thermalization of soft gluons, and transverse-momentum broadening. Using this framework, we calculate the jet nuclear modification factors ($R_{AA}$) and their double ratios $R_{AA}(R=0.2-1.0)/R_{AA}(R=0.2)$, and systematically compare with ALICE, ATLAS and CMS data in 0-10\% and 30-50\% Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02~TeV. Numerical results show that $R_{AA}$ increases with the cone size $R$ because the in-cone energy loss decreases at larger radii. Specifically, as the radius $R$ grows, the probability for elastically scattered partons to escape the jet cone and the likelihood for radiated gluons to fall outside the cone both decrease, resulting in a net reduction of energy loss. The $R_{AA}$ double ratios are approximately unity for small radii ($R=0.4$ relative to $R=0.2$) and at high $p_{\rm T}\gtrsim200$ GeV$/c$, in agreement with the data within uncertainties.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents a perturbative QCD parton model calculation of single-inclusive jet nuclear modification factors R_AA in Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV, incorporating both elastic (with recoiling thermal partons) and inelastic (with angular gluon distributions, soft-gluon thermalization, and p_T broadening) energy-loss mechanisms. It computes R_AA(R) for cone sizes R = 0.2–1.0 and the double ratios R_AA(R)/R_AA(R=0.2), reporting that R_AA increases with R because the net in-cone energy loss decreases, and compares the results to ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS data in 0–10% and 30–50% centrality classes.

Significance. If the modeling assumptions are robust, the work provides a concrete link between observed R dependence and the relative importance of elastic recoil versus medium-induced radiation, offering a potential handle on QGP transport coefficients. The multi-experiment, multi-centrality comparison is a positive feature.

major comments (1)
  1. [inelastic energy loss modeling] The central claim that R_AA increases with R rests on the assumed angular distribution of radiated gluons and the thermalization cutoff for soft gluons (inelastic energy-loss implementation). No quantitative variation of these distributions or cutoffs is shown; altering them would directly modify the escape probability for scattered partons and the out-of-cone gluon fraction, thereby changing the predicted R dependence and double ratios at high p_T.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states that double ratios are 'approximately unity' for R=0.4/0.2 at high p_T but does not quantify the deviation or propagate model uncertainties.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful review, the positive assessment of the work's significance, and the constructive major comment. We address the concern on inelastic energy-loss modeling below and will strengthen the manuscript accordingly.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [inelastic energy loss modeling] The central claim that R_AA increases with R rests on the assumed angular distribution of radiated gluons and the thermalization cutoff for soft gluons (inelastic energy-loss implementation). No quantitative variation of these distributions or cutoffs is shown; altering them would directly modify the escape probability for scattered partons and the out-of-cone gluon fraction, thereby changing the predicted R dependence and double ratios at high p_T.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit quantitative sensitivity study to the gluon angular distribution and soft-gluon thermalization cutoff would improve the robustness assessment. Our current implementation follows standard pQCD-based assumptions for medium-induced radiation (including angular spectra and thermalization), but the original manuscript does not display variations of these choices. In the revised version we will add such a study, varying the parameters over physically motivated ranges, and show that the qualitative rise of R_AA with R persists, although the precise magnitude of the double ratios can shift. We will also clarify that the net reduction in in-cone energy loss arises from the combined elastic-recoil and inelastic-radiation contributions, with the latter's out-of-cone fraction decreasing at larger R. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in derivation of R_AA(R) dependence

full rationale

The paper implements a pQCD parton model with explicit elastic and inelastic energy loss, incorporating recoiling thermal partons for elastic processes and angular distributions plus thermalization for inelastic processes. The claimed increase of R_AA with jet cone size R follows directly from reduced in-cone energy loss at larger R, arising from lower escape probability for elastically scattered partons and lower fraction of radiated gluons outside the cone. These mechanisms are model inputs leading to numerical calculations of R_AA and double ratios, which are then compared to ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS data. No equations or steps in the provided text reduce the central result to a self-definition, a fitted parameter renamed as prediction, or a load-bearing self-citation chain. The derivation remains self-contained with independent physical content.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The calculation rests on the standard perturbative QCD parton model for jet propagation plus specific modeling choices for gluon radiation angles and soft-gluon thermalization; no new free parameters or invented particles are introduced beyond those common in the field.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Perturbative QCD parton model remains valid for jet propagation through the QGP
    Invoked as the overall framework for both elastic and inelastic processes.
  • domain assumption Angular distribution of radiated gluons and thermalization of soft gluons follow the forms used in prior jet-quenching calculations
    These distributions control the R dependence and are taken from established literature.

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Reference graph

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