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arxiv: 2510.26260 · v1 · pith:4YXYMLLAnew · submitted 2025-10-30 · ✦ hep-ex · hep-ph

Letter of Intent: The Forward Physics Facility

Luis A. Anchordoqui , John K. Anders , Akitaka Ariga , Tomoko Ariga , David Asner , Jeremy Atkinson , Alan J. Barr , Larry Bartoszek
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Brian Batell Hans Peter Beck Florian U. Bernlochner Bipul Bhuyan Jianming Bian Aleksey Bolotnikov Silas Bosco Jamie Boyd Nick Callaghan Gabriella Carini Michael Carrigan Kohei Chinone Matthew Citron Isabella Coronado Peter Denton Albert De Roeck Milind V. Diwan Sergey Dmitrievsky Radu Dobre Monica D'Onofrio Jonathan L. Feng Max Fieg Elena Firu Reinaldo Francener Haruhi Fujimori Frank Golf Yury Gornushkin Kranti Gunthoti Claire Gwenlan Carl Gwilliam Andrew Haas Elie Hammou Daiki Hayakawa Christopher S. Hill Dariush Imani Tomohiro Inada Sune Jakobsen Yu Seon Jeong Kevin J. Kelly Samantha Kelly Luke Kennedy Felix Kling Umut Kose Peter Krack Jinmian Li Yichen Li Steven Linden Ming Liu Kristin Lohwasser Adam Lowe Steven Lowette Toni M\"akel\"a Roshan Mammen Abraham Christopher Mauger Konstantinos Mavrokoridis Josh McFayden Hiroaki Menjo Connor Miraval Keiko Moriyama Toshiyuki Nakano Ken Ohashi Toranosuke Okumura Hidetoshi Otono Vittorio Paolone Saba Parsa Junle Pei Michaela Queitsch-Maitland Mary Hall Reno Sergio Rescia Filippo Resnati Adam Roberts Juan Rojo Hiroki Rokujo Olivier Salin Jack Sander Sai Neha Santpur Osamu Sato Paola Scampoli Ryan Schmitz Matthias Schott Anna Sfyrla Dennis Soldin Albert Sotnikov Anna Stasto George Stavrakis Jacob Steenis David Stuart Juan Salvador Tafoya Vargas Yosuke Takubo Simon Thor Sebastian Trojanowski Yu Dai Tsai Serhan Tufanli Svetlana Vasina Matteo Vicenzi Iacopo Vivarelli Nenad Vranjes Marija Vranjes Milosavljevic Kazuhiro Watanabe Michele Weber Benjamin Wilson Wenjie Wu Tiepolo Wybouw Kin Yip Jaehyeok Yoo Jonghee Yoo
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-21 20:55 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex hep-ph
keywords forward physics facilityhigh-luminosity lhcneutrino physicsdark matter searchesnew particlesfar-forward detectorsneutrino fluxfaser
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The pith

A proposed shielded cavern 627 meters downstream from an LHC collision point would host four detectors to study high-energy neutrinos and search for new particles.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This Letter of Intent proposes building the Forward Physics Facility as an extension to the High-Luminosity LHC program. The facility would sit in a well-shielded cavern far downstream of one interaction point to intercept the intense flux of high-energy neutrinos and any new particles produced in the far-forward direction. Four complementary detectors—FLArE, FASERν2, FASER2, and FORMOSA—would together record data that the authors argue can advance neutrino physics, quantum chromodynamics, astroparticle physics, and searches for dark matter. A sympathetic reader would care because these measurements target kinematic regions that main LHC detectors largely miss, potentially expanding the overall discovery reach of the collider.

Core claim

The Forward Physics Facility is a proposed extension of the HL-LHC program designed to exploit the unique scientific opportunities offered by the intense flux of high energy neutrinos, and possibly new particles, in the far-forward direction. Located in a well-shielded cavern 627 m downstream of one of the LHC interaction points, the facility will support a broad and ambitious physics program that significantly expands the discovery potential of the HL-LHC. Equipped with four complementary detectors—FLArE, FASERν2, FASER2, and FORMOSA—the FPF will enable breakthrough measurements that will advance our understanding of neutrino physics, quantum chromodynamics, and astroparticle physics, and搜索

What carries the argument

The Forward Physics Facility, a shielded cavern placed 627 m downstream of an LHC interaction point and instrumented with the four complementary detectors FLArE, FASERν2, FASER2, and FORMOSA.

If this is right

  • The facility would deliver high-energy neutrino cross-section measurements that extend current data by orders of magnitude in energy.
  • Forward particle production data would tighten constraints on parton distribution functions used in QCD calculations.
  • Dedicated searches would set new limits on feebly interacting particles and dark-matter candidates that escape main LHC detectors.
  • Combined detector data would improve models of high-energy neutrino production relevant to cosmic-ray and astrophysical observations.
  • The program would increase the overall new-physics reach of the HL-LHC by accessing previously under-explored forward kinematics.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Successful operation could supply calibration data that benefits neutrino experiments at other facilities or in space by providing an independent high-energy benchmark.
  • Long-term data taking might reveal whether forward neutrino fluxes deviate from standard model predictions in ways that affect interpretations of cosmic neutrino observations.
  • The modular detector approach suggests that future upgrades could add specialized instruments without rebuilding the entire cavern.

Load-bearing premise

The far-forward neutrino flux and any new-particle flux at 627 m downstream will be both intense enough and sufficiently well shielded to allow the listed detectors to record statistically significant samples.

What would settle it

A detailed simulation or direct measurement that shows the expected number of neutrino interactions or new-particle events in any of the four detectors falls below the threshold needed for statistically significant results would undermine the central physics case.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2510.26260 by Adam Lowe, Adam Roberts, Akitaka Ariga, Alan J. Barr, Albert De Roeck, Albert Sotnikov, Aleksey Bolotnikov, Andrew Haas, Anna Sfyrla, Anna Stasto, Benjamin Wilson, Bipul Bhuyan, Brian Batell, Carl Gwilliam, Christopher Mauger, Christopher S. Hill, Claire Gwenlan, Connor Miraval, Daiki Hayakawa, Dariush Imani, David Asner, David Stuart, Dennis Soldin, Elena Firu, Elie Hammou, Felix Kling, Filippo Resnati, Florian U. Bernlochner, Frank Golf, Gabriella Carini, George Stavrakis, Hans Peter Beck, Haruhi Fujimori, Hidetoshi Otono, Hiroaki Menjo, Hiroki Rokujo, Iacopo Vivarelli, Isabella Coronado, Jack Sander, Jacob Steenis, Jaehyeok Yoo, Jamie Boyd, Jeremy Atkinson, Jianming Bian, Jinmian Li, John K. Anders, Jonathan L. Feng, Jonghee Yoo, Josh McFayden, Juan Rojo, Juan Salvador Tafoya Vargas, Junle Pei, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Keiko Moriyama, Ken Ohashi, Kevin J. Kelly, Kin Yip, Kohei Chinone, Konstantinos Mavrokoridis, Kranti Gunthoti, Kristin Lohwasser, Larry Bartoszek, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Luke Kennedy, Marija Vranjes Milosavljevic, Mary Hall Reno, Matteo Vicenzi, Matthew Citron, Matthias Schott, Max Fieg, Michaela Queitsch-Maitland, Michael Carrigan, Michele Weber, Milind V. Diwan, Ming Liu, Monica D'Onofrio, Nenad Vranjes, Nick Callaghan, Olivier Salin, Osamu Sato, Paola Scampoli, Peter Denton, Peter Krack, Radu Dobre, Reinaldo Francener, Roshan Mammen Abraham, Ryan Schmitz, Saba Parsa, Sai Neha Santpur, Samantha Kelly, Sebastian Trojanowski, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Sergio Rescia, Serhan Tufanli, Silas Bosco, Simon Thor, Steven Linden, Steven Lowette, Sune Jakobsen, Svetlana Vasina, Tiepolo Wybouw, Tomohiro Inada, Tomoko Ariga, Toni M\"akel\"a, Toranosuke Okumura, Toshiyuki Nakano, Umut Kose, Vittorio Paolone, Wenjie Wu, Yichen Li, Yosuke Takubo, Yu Dai Tsai, Yury Gornushkin, Yu Seon Jeong.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: , which shows the kinematic coverage of past, ongoing, and fu￾ture experiments in the (x, Q) plane. As indicated by the orange-shaded region, neutrino DIS measurements at the FPF can access regions of x and Q2 that no other previous or on￾going fixed target experiment, nor the planned SHiP experiment, is ca￾pable of. In particular, the FPF will have statistically-significant event rates down to x ≳ 10−3 an… view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: FIG. 9 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: FIG. 11 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: shows the distribution of particles in pseudorapidity η from 13 TeV pp collisions (dashed lines), as obtained by SIBYLL 2.3d [120], along with the pseudorapidity coverage of existing LHC experiments [145, 150]. Solid lines represent the distribution of the number of muons Nµ produced by these particles in EASs, with the assumption Nµ ∝ E0.9 lab, where Elab is the laboratory energy of the secondary particl… view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: FIG. 14 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_14.png] view at source ↗
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: shows the model predictions separately for pion, kaon, charm, and hyperon decays. Since the muon puzzle is thought to have its origins in soft QCD processes [145], this directly ties it to the QCD program at the FPF. Measurements at the FPF will therefore be crucial for improving our understanding of particle production in EASs. Testing Strangeness Enhancement: A potential key to resolving the muon puzzle… view at source ↗
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: While simple scenarios like this can be constrained by FASER [22], additional measurements at the FPF are required to constrain or exclude more sophisticated scenarios with high statistical significance; see also [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_16.png] view at source ↗
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: FIG. 17 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_17.png] view at source ↗
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: FIG. 18 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_18.png] view at source ↗
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: FIG. 19 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_19.png] view at source ↗
Figure 20
Figure 20. Figure 20: FIG. 20 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p026_20.png] view at source ↗
Figure 21
Figure 21. Figure 21: FIG. 21 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_21.png] view at source ↗
Figure 22
Figure 22. Figure 22: Similarly, the FPF experiments can search for signals of neutrino-modulino oscillations to probe models with string scale in the grand unification region and SUSY breaking driven by [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_22.png] view at source ↗
Figure 23
Figure 23. Figure 23: FIG. 23 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_23.png] view at source ↗
Figure 24
Figure 24. Figure 24: FIG. 24 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_24.png] view at source ↗
Figure 25
Figure 25. Figure 25: FIG. 25 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_25.png] view at source ↗
Figure 26
Figure 26. Figure 26: FIG. 26 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p033_26.png] view at source ↗
Figure 27
Figure 27. Figure 27: FIG. 27 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p033_27.png] view at source ↗
Figure 29
Figure 29. Figure 29: FIG. 29. A technically feasible timeline for the FPF CE works, including the preparation and implementation [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_29.png] view at source ↗
Figure 30
Figure 30. Figure 30: FIG. 30 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_30.png] view at source ↗
Figure 31
Figure 31. Figure 31: FIG. 31 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_31.png] view at source ↗
Figure 32
Figure 32. Figure 32: FIG. 32 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p037_32.png] view at source ↗
Figure 33
Figure 33. Figure 33: FIG. 33. Left: The foam-insulated cryostat concept with side installation. The horizontal installation concept [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p041_33.png] view at source ↗
Figure 34
Figure 34. Figure 34: FIG. 34. The cryogenic system schematic of FLArE Cryostat. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p043_34.png] view at source ↗
Figure 35
Figure 35. Figure 35: FIG. 35. A single TPC assembly with 3 modules and a 6-foot person for scale. Each module is divided in two [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p044_35.png] view at source ↗
Figure 36
Figure 36. Figure 36: FIG. 36. Exploded view of a single TPC module with one cathode plane, two anode planes, and optical [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p045_36.png] view at source ↗
Figure 37
Figure 37. Figure 37: FIG. 37. Close-up of the top of a TPC assembly showing a possible high voltage routing scheme for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p045_37.png] view at source ↗
Figure 38
Figure 38. Figure 38: FIG. 38. Closeup of the SiPMs that read out the WLS plates. The WLS coating is envisioned to p-terphenyl [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p046_38.png] view at source ↗
Figure 39
Figure 39. Figure 39: FIG. 39. The BabyMIND concept for the FLArE downstream calorimeter, which consists of plates of magne [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p047_39.png] view at source ↗
Figure 40
Figure 40. Figure 40: FIG. 40. (a) The 2 m [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p048_40.png] view at source ↗
Figure 41
Figure 41. Figure 41: FIG. 41. A conceptual model of a 3D optical dual-phase TPC option for FLArE. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p048_41.png] view at source ↗
Figure 42
Figure 42. Figure 42: FIG. 42. A conceptual model of a vacuum-jacketed commercial cryostat with a re-openable lid for the dual [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p049_42.png] view at source ↗
Figure 43
Figure 43. Figure 43: shows a schematic of the proposed FASERν2 detector, which is composed of 3300 emulsion layers interleaved with 2 mm-thick tungsten plates. The total volume of the tungsten target is 25 cm × 64 cm × 6.6 m, with a mass of 20 tons. The emulsion detectors will be placed in two cooling boxes and kept at around 10◦C to avoid the fading of the recorded signal. Although the baseline target material is tungsten, p… view at source ↗
Figure 44
Figure 44. Figure 44: , T-shirt-shaped tungsten plates are suspended from a rail mounted at the top of the cooling box. Emulsion films are inserted between the tungsten plates, and the entire stack is compressed by air actuators using compressed air. A pressure of one atmosphere will be applied to maintain sub-micron alignment between the films. FIG. 44. Inner design of the FASERν2 detector. A mechanical prototype has been pro… view at source ↗
Figure 45
Figure 45. Figure 45: FIG. 45. Left: FASER [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p052_45.png] view at source ↗
Figure 46
Figure 46. Figure 46: FIG. 46. Evaluation of the alignment accuracy in FASER [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p052_46.png] view at source ↗
Figure 47
Figure 47. Figure 47: FIG. 47. Angular resolution for an arm length of about 1.4 cm measured in FAESR [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p053_47.png] view at source ↗
Figure 48
Figure 48. Figure 48: FIG. 48. Left: Tau decay topology in the emulsion detector. Right: Charge measurement of a muon from tau [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p053_48.png] view at source ↗
Figure 49
Figure 49. Figure 49: FIG. 49. Event displays of simulated neutrino interaction vertices for a charm-associated [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p053_49.png] view at source ↗
Figure 50
Figure 50. Figure 50: FIG. 50. Event displays of a neutrino interaction vertex in FASER [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p054_50.png] view at source ↗
Figure 51
Figure 51. Figure 51: FIG. 51. Left: Concept of the sweeper magnet to deflect muons. Right: Plan view of the LHC complex and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p055_51.png] view at source ↗
Figure 52
Figure 52. Figure 52: FIG. 52. A: Overall view of the roll-to-roll emulsion film production system. B and C: Photographs of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p056_52.png] view at source ↗
Figure 53
Figure 53. Figure 53: FIG. 53. Visualisation of the full FASER2 detector, showing the veto system, uninstrumented 10 m decay [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p058_53.png] view at source ↗
Figure 54
Figure 54. Figure 54: FIG. 54. Alternative design with three “crystal-puller” magnets for the FASER2 detector, presented in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p059_54.png] view at source ↗
Figure 55
Figure 55. Figure 55: FIG. 55. CAD visualisation showing the FASER2 detector within the FPF cavern. The the SciFi tracking [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p060_55.png] view at source ↗
Figure 56
Figure 56. Figure 56: FIG. 56. Momentum resolution plots showing the track momentum reconstruction performance of trackers [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p061_56.png] view at source ↗
Figure 57
Figure 57. Figure 57: FIG. 57. Muon acceptance into the FASER2 magnets as a function of the distance between the magnets [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p062_57.png] view at source ↗
Figure 58
Figure 58. Figure 58: FIG. 58. FASER2 alignment study results. Translation reconstruction value (left) and standard deviation [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p063_58.png] view at source ↗
Figure 59
Figure 59. Figure 59: FIG. 59. Truth-level calorimeter energy distributions of the diphoton system from the decay of an ALP for 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p063_59.png] view at source ↗
Figure 60
Figure 60. Figure 60: FIG. 60. The FORMOSA detector design showing the supermodules (grey), which each hold 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p065_60.png] view at source ↗
Figure 61
Figure 61. Figure 61: FIG. 61. Effective increase in dark rate caused by afterpulses following a deposit similar in size to that expected [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p066_61.png] view at source ↗
Figure 62
Figure 62. Figure 62: FIG. 62. The exclusion limits projected to be achieved by FORMOSA with 2 ab [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p067_62.png] view at source ↗
Figure 63
Figure 63. Figure 63: FIG. 63. Diagram showing the location of UJ12, where the FORMOSA Demonstrator is installed. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p067_63.png] view at source ↗
Figure 64
Figure 64. Figure 64: FIG. 64. Diagram of the FORMOSA Demonstrator showing the bars and front and back panels. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p068_64.png] view at source ↗
Figure 65
Figure 65. Figure 65: FIG. 65. Verification of the FORMOSA Demonstrator trigger rates relative to ATLAS activity. The rate of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p068_65.png] view at source ↗
Figure 66
Figure 66. Figure 66: FIG. 66. Photo of the upgraded FORMOSA Demonstrator in UJ12 showing hermetic veto panels. The CeBr [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p069_66.png] view at source ↗
Figure 67
Figure 67. Figure 67: FIG. 67. Categorisation of activity measured within the 25 ns period between bunches as given by the LHC [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p069_67.png] view at source ↗
Figure 68
Figure 68. Figure 68: FIG. 68. Measured muon activity relative to the LHC’s orbit signal during a fill with 8 colliding bunches. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p070_68.png] view at source ↗
Figure 69
Figure 69. Figure 69: FIG. 69. Example [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p071_69.png] view at source ↗
Figure 70
Figure 70. Figure 70: FIG. 70 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p081_70.png] view at source ↗
Figure 71
Figure 71. Figure 71: FIG. 71 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p082_71.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposed extension of the HL-LHC program designed to exploit the unique scientific opportunities offered by the intense flux of high energy neutrinos, and possibly new particles, in the far-forward direction. Located in a well-shielded cavern 627 m downstream of one of the LHC interaction points, the facility will support a broad and ambitious physics program that significantly expands the discovery potential of the HL-LHC. Equipped with four complementary detectors -- FLArE, FASER$\nu$2, FASER2, and FORMOSA -- the FPF will enable breakthrough measurements that will advance our understanding of neutrino physics, quantum chromodynamics, and astroparticle physics, and will search for dark matter and other new particles. With this Letter of Intent, we propose the construction of the FPF cavern and the construction, integration, and installation of its experiments. We summarize the physics case, the facility design, the layout and components of the detectors, as well as the envisioned collaboration structure, cost estimate, and implementation timeline.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript is a Letter of Intent proposing the Forward Physics Facility (FPF) as an extension to the HL-LHC program. Located in a well-shielded cavern 627 m downstream of an LHC interaction point, the FPF would host four complementary detectors (FLArE, FASERν2, FASER2, and FORMOSA) to exploit the intense far-forward flux of high-energy neutrinos and possible new particles. The document summarizes the physics case for advancing neutrino physics, QCD, astroparticle physics, and dark-matter searches, along with the facility design, detector layouts, collaboration structure, cost estimate, and implementation timeline.

Significance. If the far-forward fluxes prove sufficient after shielding, the FPF would open a new kinematic regime for high-statistics neutrino measurements and forward QCD studies that are inaccessible to the central LHC detectors, while also enabling searches for light dark matter and other new particles. The proposal builds directly on the operational experience of the existing FASER experiment and could meaningfully expand the overall discovery reach of the HL-LHC program.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that the four detectors 'will enable breakthrough measurements' rests on the assumption that the far-forward neutrino and new-particle fluxes at 627 m will be intense enough, after shielding, to produce statistically significant event samples. The text asserts that the cavern is 'well-shielded' and the flux 'intense' but provides no new Monte Carlo results, luminosity-scaled interaction rates, or background-rejection factors, instead referencing prior FASER studies. This external assumption is load-bearing for the physics case and should be explicitly re-quantified or updated within the LoI.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Facility Design] The detector integration and cavern layout sections would benefit from a single schematic figure showing the relative positions and shielding layers of all four experiments.
  2. [Physics Case] Clarify the precise HL-LHC luminosity assumptions used for any projected event yields referenced from earlier work.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful review and positive assessment of the FPF proposal's significance. We address the major comment below and will incorporate revisions to strengthen the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that the four detectors 'will enable breakthrough measurements' rests on the assumption that the far-forward neutrino and new-particle fluxes at 627 m will be intense enough, after shielding, to produce statistically significant event samples. The text asserts that the cavern is 'well-shielded' and the flux 'intense' but provides no new Monte Carlo results, luminosity-scaled interaction rates, or background-rejection factors, instead referencing prior FASER studies. This external assumption is load-bearing for the physics case and should be explicitly re-quantified or updated within the LoI.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract's claims depend on the far-forward fluxes and that a Letter of Intent should make the supporting quantitative basis more self-contained. The detailed Monte Carlo simulations, luminosity-scaled rates, and background estimates are documented in the referenced FASER and FPF studies that underpin this proposal. To address the concern directly, we will revise the abstract to include concise, luminosity-scaled estimates of expected neutrino interaction rates and new-particle search sensitivities drawn from those prior calculations. We will also add a short paragraph in the main text (near the facility description) that explicitly quotes the key flux numbers, shielding attenuation factors, and background-rejection performance at 627 m. This keeps the LoI concise while rendering the load-bearing assumptions explicit and traceable within the document itself. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: facility proposal contains no derivation chain

full rationale

This Letter of Intent is a high-level proposal document that summarizes the physics case, facility design, detector layouts, cost estimates, and timeline for the FPF. It contains no equations, fitted parameters, or predictive derivations that could reduce to their own inputs by construction. References to prior FASER flux studies are external citations rather than self-referential loops within a derivation; the central claims about future measurements are forward-looking assertions, not closed mathematical reductions. The document is therefore self-contained as a proposal and receives a circularity score of 0.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

The abstract invokes standard LHC beam parameters and forward-particle production expectations without introducing new fitted constants, axioms, or postulated entities; no free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are identifiable from the given text.

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Forward citations

Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. A New Source of Millicharged Particles: Secondary Showers in the LHC Forward Absorber

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Secondary cascades in the TAXN absorber produce a substantial millicharged particle flux that complements primary production and boosts FORMOSA signals by ~50% for m_χ below 0.1 GeV.

  2. The FASER experiment at the Large Hadron Collider

    hep-ex 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    FASER is now running at the LHC and has started delivering first collider-based neutrino data along with searches for new light particles.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

261 extracted references · 261 canonical work pages · cited by 2 Pith papers · 92 internal anchors

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