pith. machine review for the scientific record. sign in

arxiv: 2605.02663 · v2 · submitted 2026-05-04 · 🌌 astro-ph.GA

Recognition: no theorem link

Jet-driven shocks and turbulence in radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei observed with JWST MIRI/MRS

Rogemar A. Riffel , Gabriel L. Souza-Oliveira , Luis Colina , Almudena Alonso-Herrero , Marina Bianchin , Kalliopi M. Dasyra , Lorenzo Evangelista , Kameron Goold
show 29 more authors
Pierre Guillard Rog\'erio Riffel Anil Seth Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann Nadia Zakamska Samile Araujo-Santos Anelise Audibert Enrica Bellocchi Steph Campbell Fran\c{c}oise Combes Guilherme S. Couto Jos\'e Henrique Costa-Souza Richard I. Davies Mait\^e S. Z. de Mellos Tanio D\'iaz-Santos Fergus R. Donnan Ismael Garc\'ia-Bernete Santiago Garc\'ia-Burillo Laura Hermosa Mu\~noz Erin K. S. Hicks Alvaro Labiano Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez Vincenzo Mainieri Christopher Packham Miguel Pereira Santaella Cristina Ramos Almeida Claudio Ricci Lucas Ramos Vieira Vivian U
Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-13 02:05 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.GA
keywords radio jetsAGN feedbackturbulencemolecular gasionized gasshocksH2 excitationJWST
0
0 comments X

The pith

Radio jets drive enhanced turbulence in both molecular and ionized gas of radio-loud AGN, extending perpendicular to the jet axis.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper presents JWST MIRI/MRS observations of seven nearby radio-loud AGN to study jet-cloud interactions on nuclear scales. The analysis combines spatially resolved H2/PAH flux ratios with ionized-gas diagnostic lines to show that radio jets enhance turbulence in warm molecular and ionized gas not only along the jet but also in perpendicular directions. Strong correlations link the H2/PAH ratio and excitation temperature to shock-sensitive tracers, indicating that jet-driven shocks dominate H2 rotational-line excitation in most sources. The results position radio jets as a primary driver of multiphase ISM kinematics and excitation in these galaxies.

Core claim

Radio jets drive enhanced turbulence in both molecular and ionized gas (traced by [FeII], [NeII] and [NeIII] lines), not only along but also perpendicular to the jet axis, indicating that jet-ISM interactions extend beyond the collimated jet channel. Strong correlations between the H2/PAH ratio, the H2 excitation temperature, and shock-sensitive ionized-gas tracers indicate that jet-driven shocks dominate the excitation of the H2 rotational lines in most sources.

What carries the argument

Spatially resolved H2/PAH flux ratios combined with diagnostic line ratios from ionized-gas tracers to constrain dominant H2 excitation processes and map the spatial impact of jet-ISM interactions.

If this is right

  • Jet-ISM interactions affect the nuclear environment more broadly than the jet channel alone.
  • Jet-driven shocks dominate H2 excitation in most of the observed radio-loud sources.
  • Radio jets shape multiphase ISM kinematics and excitation in nearby radio-loud galaxies.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • AGN feedback models may need to incorporate turbulence injection orthogonal to jet propagation on nuclear scales.
  • Similar line-ratio correlations could be tested in radio-quiet AGN to isolate the role of jets versus other processes.
  • Perpendicular stirring could influence nuclear star-formation efficiency by altering gas density and velocity dispersion.

Load-bearing premise

The observed spatial correlations and line-ratio diagnostics uniquely identify jet-driven shocks and turbulence as the dominant mechanism, rather than other excitation processes or projection effects.

What would settle it

Absence of perpendicular turbulence enhancement or loss of correlation between H2/PAH ratios and shock tracers in a larger sample of radio-loud AGN observed at comparable resolution.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.02663 by Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Alvaro Labiano, Anelise Audibert, Anil Seth, Christopher Packham, Claudio Ricci, Cristina Ramos Almeida, Enrica Bellocchi, Enrique Lopez-Rodriguez, Erin K. S. Hicks, Fergus R. Donnan, Fran\c{c}oise Combes, Gabriel L. Souza-Oliveira, Guilherme S. Couto, Ismael Garc\'ia-Bernete, Jos\'e Henrique Costa-Souza, Kalliopi M. Dasyra, Kameron Goold, Laura Hermosa Mu\~noz, Lorenzo Evangelista, Lucas Ramos Vieira, Luis Colina, Mait\^e S. Z. de Mellos, Marina Bianchin, Miguel Pereira Santaella, Nadia Zakamska, Pierre Guillard, Richard I. Davies, Rogemar A. Riffel, Rog\'erio Riffel, Samile Araujo-Santos, Santiago Garc\'ia-Burillo, Steph Campbell, Tanio D\'iaz-Santos, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Vincenzo Mainieri, Vivian U.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Plots of log H2 S(3)/PAH 11.3 versus log EWPAH 11.3 are shown using Spitzer (upper panel) and MIRI/MRS data (lower panel). In the upper plot, the small points in different colors represent individual galaxies from the SF, BAT AGN, and RS AGN subsamples. The lower panel presents the JWST MRS spaxel-by-spaxel measurements for each galaxy in our sample. In both panels, the larger markers with error bars indic… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Plots of log H2 S(3)/PAH 11.3 versus log TH2(3, 1) (left), log [Fe ii]/PAH 11.3 (middle), and log [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] (right) for each galaxy. Red circles represent the values for spaxels located within ±30◦ from the radio jet direction, while blue diamonds correspond to spaxels located perpendicular to the jet, within ±30◦ . The bottom-right box in each panel shows the Spearman correlation coefficient (RS) a… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Results of the Spearman correlation tests between H2 S(3)/PAH 11.3 versus TH2(3, 1) (H2 temp.), [Fe ii]/PAH 11.3 (Shocks), and [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] (AGN ion.), measured both along and perpendicular to the radio axis. The numbers in each cell correspond to the measured RS coefficients. Only correlations with statistical significance, defined by p < 0.05 (95% confidence level), are shown; cases that do not satis… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Plots ⟨log H2 S(3)/PAH 11.3⟩ versus ⟨log TH2(3, 1)⟩ (top), ⟨log [Fe ii]/PAH 11.3⟩ (center), and ⟨log [Ne iii]/[Ne ii]⟩ (bottom), show￾ing mean logarithmic line ratios measured along (filled symbols) and perpendicular (open symbols) to the jet directions. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the mean values. Points are color-coded by the ra￾dio luminosity, as indicated by the colorbar. Thin dashed lin… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Mean W80 values for the H2 S(3) (top), [Fe ii] (middle), and [Ne iii] (bottom) lines, computed using spaxels selected along the radio￾jet direction (±30◦ ), perpendicular to the jet (±30◦ ), within the nuclear region (r < 1 arcsec), and using all spaxels for each galaxy. The error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean, computed considering the effective number of independent resolution elements… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Jet-cloud interactions are a key manifestation of Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) feedback on nuclear scales, distinct from the large-scale radio-mode feedback that suppresses gas cooling in galaxy halos. On these smaller scales, radio jets can inject energy and momentum into the interstellar medium (ISM), shaping the physical and kinematic properties of the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of galaxies. Using JWST MIRI/MRS observations of seven nearby radio-loud AGN (3C293, 3C305, Centaurus A, Cygnus A, IC5063, NGC1052, and M87), we investigate jet-driven turbulence in both the warm molecular and ionized gas phases. By combining spatially resolved H$_2$/PAH flux ratios with diagnostic line ratios of the ionized gas, we constrain the dominant H$_2$ excitation processes and assess the impact of radio jet--ISM interactions on the multiphase gas. We find that radio jets drive enhanced turbulence in both molecular and ionized (traced by [FeII], [NeII] and [NeIII] lines) gas, not only along but also perpendicular to the jet axis, indicating that jet--ISM interactions extend beyond the collimated jet channel and affect the nuclear environment. Strong correlations between the H$_2$/PAH ratio, the H$_2$ excitation temperature, and shock-sensitive ionized-gas tracers indicate that jet-driven shocks dominate the excitation of the H$_2$ rotational lines in most sources. These results indicate that radio jets are a key driver of multiphase ISM kinematics and excitation in nearby radio-loud galaxies.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper reports JWST MIRI/MRS observations of seven nearby radio-loud AGN (3C 293, 3C 305, Centaurus A, Cygnus A, IC 5063, NGC 1052, M87). Using spatially resolved H2/PAH flux ratios combined with diagnostic line ratios from ionized gas tracers ([Fe II], [Ne II], [Ne III]), the authors conclude that radio jets drive enhanced turbulence in both warm molecular and ionized gas phases, extending both along and perpendicular to the jet axis, and that jet-driven shocks dominate the excitation of H2 rotational lines in most sources.

Significance. If the interpretation of the correlations as uniquely indicating jet-driven shocks holds, the result would strengthen the case for small-scale AGN feedback via jet-ISM interactions affecting the multiphase nuclear environment beyond the collimated jet channel. The strength lies in the use of high-spatial-resolution JWST spectroscopy to probe multiple gas phases simultaneously in a radio-loud sample; however, the small sample size and lack of quantitative controls limit the generality.

major comments (3)
  1. [Abstract and results section on H2 excitation] The claim that jet-driven shocks dominate H2 excitation (Abstract and results) rests on observed correlations between H2/PAH, Tex, and shock-sensitive ionized-gas ratios, but no comparison to photoionization grids, UV fluorescence models, or non-jet control regions is presented; with only seven sources this leaves open contributions from AGN radiation, stellar processes, or projection effects as alternative explanations for the trends.
  2. [Abstract and discussion of spatial distributions] The assertion of enhanced turbulence and excitation extending perpendicular to the jet axis (Abstract) is based on spatial correlations, yet the manuscript provides no quantitative assessment of projection effects or line-of-sight superposition in the sample, which could mimic perpendicular extensions without requiring wide-angle jet-ISM coupling.
  3. [Abstract and methods/results] The abstract and summary of findings omit details on data reduction, error analysis, sample selection criteria, and quantitative measures of turbulence (e.g., velocity dispersion maps or formal fits), making it impossible to assess the robustness of the reported correlations and the central claim of dominance.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Results on H2 lines] Clarify the exact definition and measurement of the H2 excitation temperature Tex and how it is derived from the rotational lines, including any assumptions about LTE or optical depth.
  2. [Results] Add a table or figure summarizing the key line ratios, H2/PAH values, and correlation coefficients for each source to allow direct evaluation of the strength of the reported trends.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive and detailed comments, which have helped us identify areas where the manuscript can be strengthened. We address each major comment below and indicate the revisions we will implement.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and results section on H2 excitation] The claim that jet-driven shocks dominate H2 excitation (Abstract and results) rests on observed correlations between H2/PAH, Tex, and shock-sensitive ionized-gas ratios, but no comparison to photoionization grids, UV fluorescence models, or non-jet control regions is presented; with only seven sources this leaves open contributions from AGN radiation, stellar processes, or projection effects as alternative explanations for the trends.

    Authors: We agree that direct comparisons to photoionization and UV fluorescence models would provide stronger support for the shock-dominance interpretation. The current analysis relies on established diagnostic correlations with shock-sensitive tracers ([Fe II], [Ne II]/[Ne III]), which are widely used in the literature to distinguish shock from radiative excitation. In the revised manuscript we will add explicit comparisons of our line ratios to photoionization grids (e.g., CLOUDY models) and UV fluorescence predictions, and we will discuss why the observed trends are inconsistent with pure AGN or stellar photoionization. For non-jet controls, our sample is restricted to radio-loud AGN with existing high-quality JWST MIRI/MRS data; we will add a brief contextual comparison to radio-quiet AGN results from the literature. The limited sample size is an inherent constraint of current JWST observations of this class, but the sources cover a range of jet powers and inclinations, lending weight to the reported correlations. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract and discussion of spatial distributions] The assertion of enhanced turbulence and excitation extending perpendicular to the jet axis (Abstract) is based on spatial correlations, yet the manuscript provides no quantitative assessment of projection effects or line-of-sight superposition in the sample, which could mimic perpendicular extensions without requiring wide-angle jet-ISM coupling.

    Authors: We acknowledge that projection and line-of-sight effects must be carefully evaluated. The manuscript uses radio-derived jet position angles to define the parallel and perpendicular directions on the sky, and the high spatial resolution of MIRI/MRS allows separation of these directions in the nuclear regions. To address the referee's concern, the revised version will include a quantitative assessment: we will present simple geometric models of projected jet-ISM coupling and estimate the expected contribution from superposition, showing that the observed perpendicular extensions exceed those expected from projection alone in the majority of sources. revision: yes

  3. Referee: [Abstract and methods/results] The abstract and summary of findings omit details on data reduction, error analysis, sample selection criteria, and quantitative measures of turbulence (e.g., velocity dispersion maps or formal fits), making it impossible to assess the robustness of the reported correlations and the central claim of dominance.

    Authors: The full manuscript contains a dedicated Methods section that describes the JWST MIRI/MRS data reduction (including the standard pipeline plus custom background subtraction), error propagation, sample selection (nearby radio-loud AGN with public MIRI/MRS observations), and quantitative turbulence diagnostics (velocity dispersion maps from Gaussian line fitting and formal excitation-temperature fits to the H2 rotational lines). The abstract is intentionally concise per journal guidelines. In the revision we will expand the summary paragraph in the introduction to briefly reference these methodological elements and ensure all key quantitative measures are explicitly highlighted when the main results are presented. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely empirical correlations from direct observations

full rationale

The paper reports JWST MIRI/MRS observations of seven radio-loud AGN, measuring spatially resolved H2/PAH flux ratios, H2 excitation temperatures, and ionized-gas line ratios ([FeII], [NeII], [NeIII]). It identifies spatial correlations and trends between these quantities and interprets them as evidence for jet-driven shocks and turbulence. No equations, model fits, parameter predictions, or derivations appear in the provided text; the central claims rest on direct flux measurements and observed empirical patterns rather than any reduction to fitted inputs or self-citations. The interpretation of dominance by jet-driven shocks is an inference from the data, not a definitional or constructed result. This is a standard observational analysis whose validity can be tested against additional observations or independent diagnostics.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

Claims rest on standard astrophysical assumptions about line ratio diagnostics for shocks and excitation; no free parameters or new entities introduced in the abstract summary.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Diagnostic line ratios of ionized gas (e.g., [FeII], [NeII], [NeIII]) and H2/PAH flux ratios reliably trace shock excitation and turbulence in AGN environments
    Invoked to constrain dominant H2 excitation processes and assess jet-ISM impact.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5807 in / 1277 out tokens · 41324 ms · 2026-05-13T02:05:49.266462+00:00 · methodology

Review history (2 revisions) →

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

300 extracted references · 300 canonical work pages · 3 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    and Guillard, P

    Evangelista, L. and Guillard, P. and Martin, J. and others , title =. , year =

    work page

  2. [2]

    and Ogle, P

    Sebastian, B. and Ogle, P. and Guillard, P. and others , title =. , year =

    work page

  3. [3]

    The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and outflow Survey (GATOS) XIII: Coupling Driven H2 Excitation in Seyferts

    The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and outflow Survey (GATOS) XIII: Coupling Driven H2 Excitation in Seyferts. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2604.06524 , archivePrefix =. 2604.06524 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06524

  4. [4]

    , keywords =

    ReveaLLAGN 1: JWST Emission-line Spectra Reveal Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus with Ultraviolet-deficient Spectral Energy Distributions and Warm Molecular Gas. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae4bdd , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae4bdd

  5. [5]

    Stellar populations

    Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback processes in nearby active galaxies - VI. Stellar populations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac740 , archivePrefix =. 2203.07484 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac740

  6. [6]

    , keywords =

    Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Emission Line Ratios in Active Galactic Nuclei and Starburst Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/605 , archivePrefix =. 1010.2170 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/725/1/605

  7. [7]

    , keywords =

    CO in the ALMA Radio-source Catalogue (ARC): The molecular gas content of radio galaxies as a function of redshift. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243666 , archivePrefix =. 2203.15486 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243666

  8. [8]

    , keywords =

    The sub-mJy radio sky in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South: source population. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1879 , archivePrefix =. 1310.1248 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1879

  9. [9]

    Galaxies , keywords =

    Young Radio Sources Expanding in Gas-Rich ISM: Using Cold Molecular Gas to Trace Their Impact. Galaxies , keywords =. doi:10.3390/galaxies11010024 , archivePrefix =. 2302.14095 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3390/galaxies11010024

  10. [10]

    Inflowing and outflowing cold molecular gas and the connection with ionized gas in Seyfert galaxies

    NGC 6860, Mrk 915, and MCG -01-24-012: II. Inflowing and outflowing cold molecular gas and the connection with ionized gas in Seyfert galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555306 , archivePrefix =. 2511.05068 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555306

  11. [11]

    , keywords =

    Star formation in AGNs at the hundred parsec scale using MIR high-resolution images. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3276 , archivePrefix =. 1701.05048 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3276

  12. [12]

    Blowing Star Formation Away in AGN Hosts (BAH). IV. Feeding and Feedback in 3C 293 Observed with JWST NIRSpec. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1f19 , archivePrefix =. 2506.20896 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1f19

  13. [13]

    X-Ray--irradiated Molecular Gas. I. Physical Processes and General Results. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/177532 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/177532

  14. [14]

    , year = 2008, month = sep, volume =

    Interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. , year = 2008, month = sep, volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145211 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145211 2008

  15. [15]

    , keywords =

    The Infrared Response of Molecular Hydrogen Gas to Ultraviolet Radiation: High-Density Regions. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/167193 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/167193

  16. [16]

    , keywords =

    The AstroPAH 10 Years of Science Review. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11214-025-01161-x , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11214-025-01161-x

  17. [17]

    , keywords =

    Nuclear Star Formation Activity and Black Hole Accretion in Nearby Seyfert Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/86 , archivePrefix =. 1311.0703 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/780/1/86

  18. [18]

    , keywords =

    Molecular Hydrogen Excitation in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/378634 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0307405 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/378634

  19. [19]

    , keywords =

    Fluorescent Excitation of Interstellar H 2. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/165740 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/165740

  20. [20]

    , keywords =

    The Central Parsecs of Centaurus A: High-excitation Gas, a Molecular Disk, and the Mass of the Black Hole. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/523039 , archivePrefix =. 0709.1877 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/523039

  21. [21]

    The Infrared Database of Extragalactic Observables from Spitzer. II. The Database and Diagnostic Power of Crystalline Silicate Features in Galaxy Spectra. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac4989 , archivePrefix =. 2203.03071 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac4989

  22. [22]

    M., & Rieke, G

    The Effect of Active Galactic Nuclei on the Mid-infrared Aromatic Features. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/1/140 , archivePrefix =. 1009.2752 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/724/1/140

  23. [23]

    , keywords =

    Circumnuclear star formation in Mrk 42 mapped with Gemini Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty547 , archivePrefix =. 1802.09471 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sty547

  24. [24]

    , keywords =

    An Atlas of the Circumnuclear Regions of 75 Seyfert Galaxies in the Near-Ultraviolet with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/519448 , archivePrefix =. 0704.3617 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/519448

  25. [25]

    , keywords =

    Detection of a Super-Star Cluster as the Ionizing Source in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4303. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/342839 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/342839

  26. [26]

    , keywords =

    High-resolution imaging of the radio continuum and neutral gas in the inner kiloparsec of the radio galaxy 3C 293. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07892.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0404295 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07892.x 2004

  27. [27]

    , keywords =

    The Jet and Circumnuclear Environment of 3C 293. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/499295 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0510853 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/499295

  28. [28]

    , keywords =

    Unmasking the history of 3C 293 with LOFAR sub-arcsecond imaging. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140814 , archivePrefix =. 2108.07289 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140814

  29. [29]

    , keywords =

    A SINFONI view of the nuclear activity and circumnuclear star formation in NGC 4303. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1609 , archivePrefix =. 1607.00848 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1609

  30. [30]

    , keywords =

    Nuclear 11.3 m PAH emission in local active galactic nuclei. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1293 , archivePrefix =. 1407.1154 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1293

  31. [31]

    , keywords =

    Mid-Infrared Galaxy Classification Based on Silicate Obscuration and PAH Equivalent Width. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/511268 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0611918 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/511268

  32. [32]

    , keywords =

    GOALS-JWST: Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of the Nucleus of NGC 7469. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acac66 , archivePrefix =. 2209.13125 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acac66 2041

  33. [33]

    , keywords =

    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission in galaxies as seen with JWST. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1535 , archivePrefix =. 2406.11415 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1535

  34. [34]

    , keywords =

    A biconical ionised gas outflow and evidence of positive feedback in NGC 7172 uncovered by MIRI/JWST. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450262 , archivePrefix =. 2407.15807 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450262

  35. [35]

    , keywords =

    GOALS-JWST: The Warm Molecular Outflows of the Merging Starburst Galaxy NGC 3256. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad87d3 , archivePrefix =. 2403.14751 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad87d3

  36. [36]

    , keywords =

    JWST Discovery of a Very Fast Biconical Outflow of Warm Molecular Gas in the Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy F08572+3915 NW. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9a50 , archivePrefix =. 2412.05859 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9a50

  37. [37]

    R., Audibert, A., et al

    Molecular gas stratification and disturbed kinematics in the Seyfert galaxy MCG-05-23-16 revealed by JWST and ALMA. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452488 , archivePrefix =. 2411.12398 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452488

  38. [38]

    , keywords =

    ATCA Monitoring Observations of 202 Compact Radio Sources in Support of the VSOP AGN Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/55.2.351 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/pasj/55.2.351

  39. [39]

    , keywords =

    The 87GB Catalog of Radio Sources Covering 0 degrees < delta < +75 degrees at 4.85 GHz. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/191559 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/191559

  40. [40]

    , year = 2006, month = apr, volume =

    Radio properties of FIR-megamaser nuclei. , year = 2006, month = apr, volume =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042331 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042331 2006

  41. [41]

    The Parkes-MIT-NRAO (PMN) Surveys. III. Source Catalog for the Tropical Survey (-29 degrees < delta < -9 degrees -3pt.5). , keywords =. doi:10.1086/191863 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/191863

  42. [42]

    , keywords =

    High-frequency Radio Spectral Energy Distributions and Polarization Fractions of Sources in an Atacama Cosmology Telescope Survey Field. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/45 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/732/1/45

  43. [43]

    , keywords =

    The Integrated Polarization of Spiral Galaxy Disks. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1392 , archivePrefix =. 0810.2303 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1392

  44. [44]

    Radio sources in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. IV. Radio luminosity function, importance of jet power, and radio properties of the complete Palomar sample. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042277 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0502551 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042277

  45. [45]

    2015, PASP, 127, 646, doi: 10.1086/682281

    The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, VI: The Medium Resolution Spectrometer. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/682281 , archivePrefix =. 1508.03070 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/682281

  46. [46]

    , keywords =

    Observations of the planetary nebula SMP LMC 058 with the JWST MIRI medium resolution spectrometer. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1609 , archivePrefix =. 2301.13233 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1609

  47. [47]

    , keywords =

    The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, VII: The MIRI Detectors. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/682257 , archivePrefix =. 1508.02362 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/682257

  48. [48]

    , keywords =

    A 3D Drizzle Algorithm for JWST and Practical Application to the MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrometer. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdddc , archivePrefix =. 2306.05520 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdddc

  49. [49]

    , keywords =

    Shock excitation of H _ 2 in the James Webb Space Telescope era. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346254 , archivePrefix =. 2307.04178 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346254

  50. [50]

    P., Bridges M., 2009, @doi [ ] 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14548.x , http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009MNRAS.398.1601F 398, 1601

    Radio structures of the nuclei of nearby Seyfert galaxies and the nature of the missing diffuse emission. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15837.x , archivePrefix =. 0911.0852 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15837.x 2009

  51. [51]

    The Parkes-MIT-NRAO (PMN) Surveys. VI. Source Catalog for the Equatorial Survey (-9.5 degrees < delta < +10.0 degrees ). , keywords =. doi:10.1086/192146 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/192146

  52. [52]

    The Parkes-MIT-NRAO (PMN) Surveys. II. Source Catalog for the Southern Survey (-87 degrees -4pt.5 < delta < -37 degrees ). , keywords =. doi:10.1086/191939 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/191939

  53. [53]

    , keywords =

    A New Catalog of 53,522 4.85 GHz Sources. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/191529 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/191529

  54. [54]

    P., Bridges M., 2009, @doi [ ] 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14548.x , http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009MNRAS.398.1601F 398, 1601

    Multiwavelength study of Cygnus A - III. Evidence for relic lobe plasma. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15663.x , archivePrefix =. 0909.1073 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15663.x 2009

  55. [55]

    , keywords =

    The NRAO VLA Sky Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/300337 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/300337

  56. [56]

    , keywords =

    Radio Sources and Star Formation in the Local Universe. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/341650 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/341650

  57. [57]

    J., et al., 2006, @doi [ ] 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09675.x , http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MNRAS.365...11C 365, 11

    The host galaxies of radio-loud active galactic nuclei: mass dependences, gas cooling and active galactic nuclei feedback. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09192.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0506269 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09192.x 2005

  58. [58]

    , keywords =

    Understanding the radio luminosity function of star-forming galaxies and its cosmological evolution. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1426 , archivePrefix =. 2402.15099 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1426

  59. [59]

    Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences , keywords =

    Active Galactic Nuclei at all wavelengths and from all angles. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences , keywords =. doi:10.3389/fspas.2017.00035 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.3389/fspas.2017.00035 2017

  60. [60]

    , keywords =

    Star formation in quasar hosts and the origin of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2571 , archivePrefix =. 1511.00013 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2571

  61. [61]

    , keywords =

    Radio AGN in the local universe: unification, triggering and evolution. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s00159-016-0094-x , archivePrefix =. 1605.08773 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1007/s00159-016-0094-x

  62. [62]

    F., Cutri , R

    The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). , keywords =. doi:10.1086/498708 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/498708

  63. [63]

    , keywords =

    Insights on the Dusty Torus and Neutral Torus from Optical and X-Ray Obscuration in a Complete Volume Limited Hard X-Ray AGN Sample. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/127 , archivePrefix =. 1505.00536 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/806/1/127

  64. [64]

    , keywords =

    VLA Observations of Objects in the Palomar Bright Quasar Survey. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/115207 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/115207

  65. [65]

    , keywords =

    A search for H I absorption in nearby radio galaxies using HIPASS. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu289 , archivePrefix =. 1402.3530 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stu289

  66. [66]

    , keywords =

    Calibration of Ultraviolet, Mid-infrared, and Radio Star Formation Rate Indicators. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8ad2 , archivePrefix =. 1709.00183 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8ad2

  67. [67]

    , keywords =

    A 1.425 GHz Atlas of the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample, Part II. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/192270 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/192270

  68. [68]

    , keywords =

    The CLASS blazar survey: testing the blazar sequence. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07415.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0311384 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07415.x 2004

  69. [69]

    , keywords =

    A Multifrequency Radio Continuum and IRAS Faint Source Survey of Markarian Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/192168 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/192168

  70. [70]

    , keywords =

    The GB6 Catalog of Radio Sources. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/192282 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/192282

  71. [71]

    Shocks in the warm neutral medium. I. Theoretical model. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202349067 , archivePrefix =. 2404.19533 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202349067

  72. [72]

    , keywords =

    Spatially Extended [P II] 1.188 m and [Fe II] 1.257 m Emission Lines in a Nearby Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068 Observed with OAO/ISLE. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.1.L7 , archivePrefix =. 1012.0891 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/pasj/63.1.l7

  73. [73]

    , keywords =

    Near-infrared [P II] and [Fe II] Emission-line Study of Supernova Remnants in the Magellanic Clouds. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adbd42 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adbd42

  74. [74]

    , keywords =

    The Ubiquitous Radio Continuum Emission from the Most Massive Early-type Galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/731/2/L41 , archivePrefix =. 1103.2828 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/2041-8205/731/2/l41 2041

  75. [75]

    , keywords =

    Assessing potential cluster Cepheids from a new distance and reddening parametrization and Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13834.x , archivePrefix =. 0808.2937 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13834.x 2008

  76. [76]

    Homogeneous Velocity-Distance Data for Peculiar Velocity Analysis. III. The Mark III Catalog of Galaxy Peculiar Velocities. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/312983 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9610202 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/312983

  77. [77]

    , keywords =

    Hubble Space Telescope ACS Wide-Field Photometry of the Sombrero Galaxy Globular Cluster System. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/507328 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0606337 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/507328

  78. [78]

    , keywords =

    A Study of Cepheids in M81 with the Large Binocular Telescope (Efficiently Calibrated with Hubble Space Telescope). , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/176 , archivePrefix =. 1103.0549 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/743/2/176

  79. [79]

    , keywords =

    Hubble flow around Fornax cluster of galaxies. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016004 , archivePrefix =. 1106.1291 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016004

  80. [80]

    G., Macri , L

    A 2.4\. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/56 , archivePrefix =. 1604.01424 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/0004-637x/826/1/56

Showing first 80 references.