pith. machine review for the scientific record. sign in

arxiv: 2605.07889 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-08 · 🌌 astro-ph.SR · physics.plasm-ph· physics.space-ph

Recognition: 2 theorem links

· Lean Theorem

Investigating Pre-flare Signatures in Spectroscopic Observations of an X9-class Solar Flare

Louis Seyfritz, Maria Kazachenko, Ryan French

Pith reviewed 2026-05-11 03:22 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.SR physics.plasm-phphysics.space-ph
keywords solar flarepre-flare signaturesIRIS spectroscopyoscillationsmagnetic destabilizationflux ropereconnectionSi IV line
0
0 comments X

The pith

Pre-flare oscillations and velocity trends point to gradual magnetic destabilization before an X9 solar flare

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper examines spectroscopic data from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph taken hours before an X9.0 solar flare on October 3, 2024. Through time-series and wavelet analysis of the Si IV 1403 angstrom line, it identifies periodic oscillations with periods of about 7-10 and 18-21 minutes near the polarity inversion line, along with a steady rise in line intensity, non-thermal velocity, and Doppler shifts starting three hours prior to the flare. These observations transition to strong blueshifts and non-thermal velocities about fifteen minutes before onset. A reader would care because such pre-flare signatures could help understand the buildup to powerful solar eruptions that impact space weather.

Core claim

Analysis of IRIS spectroscopic observations reveals two ranges of periodic oscillations (~7-10 min and ~18-21 min) during the pre-flare phase of an X9.0 flare, with enhancements near the polarity inversion line. A steady rise in Si IV line parameters begins three hours before the flare, transitioning to intense non-thermal velocities and blueshifts fifteen minutes before onset. These patterns are consistent with slow destabilization of the coronal magnetic field, possibly from gradual flux rope activation, followed by a rapid shift to intense reconnection.

What carries the argument

Wavelet and time-series analysis of non-thermal velocity, Doppler velocity, and intensity in the Si IV 1403 Å spectral line.

If this is right

  • The pre-flare signatures include localized enhancements of oscillations near the polarity inversion line.
  • Line parameters show a gradual increase over hours leading to abrupt changes minutes before the flare.
  • The sequence supports a two-stage process: slow magnetic field destabilization then rapid reconnection.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If confirmed in more events, these patterns could serve as precursors for flare forecasting.
  • The oscillations may relate to magnetohydrodynamic waves that build up energy in the corona.
  • Similar analysis on other spectral lines could reveal how different atmospheric layers respond before flares.

Load-bearing premise

That the detected pre-flare oscillations and velocity increases are directly related to the flare's triggering mechanism rather than unrelated solar dynamics or observational biases.

What would settle it

Observation of identical oscillation periods and velocity trends in regions away from the active region or in non-flaring active regions would indicate the signatures are not unique to impending flares.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.07889 by Louis Seyfritz, Maria Kazachenko, Ryan French.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Maps of 131 ˚A and 1600 ˚A AIA channels with HMI (Bz) measurements of active region 13842 on October 3, 2024. The left column shows snapshots 1 hour before the flare at 11:12 UT, and the right column shows snapshots at 12:14 UT, one minute before the start of the X9.0 flare. The red frame corresponds to the SJI FOV and the dotted line to the fixed location of the spectrograph’s slit. See § 2.1 for more det… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Top row panels: Overview of the pre-flare activity from IRIS/SJI (1330 ˚A, Oct. 3rd 2024), covering up to five hours of pre-flare evolution before the X9.0 flare at 12:18 UT peak time. The first four images correspond to pre-flare phase, and the last one corresponds to the flare’s onset. The vertical center line on the panels represents the slit, and in pink are the pixels chosen for spectral analysis in t… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Top three rows: Time series of three quantities derived from the Si IV line of IRIS averaged at each time-step over 24 rebinned pixels around the PIL: line intensity (first row), non-thermal velocity (second row), and Doppler velocity (third row). The grayed-out areas (marked with ’SAA’) correspond to the passing of the satellite through the South-Atlantic Anomaly, corrupting data from IRIS during these ti… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Residual time series and wavelet power spectra for line intensity (top), non-thermal velocity (middle) and Doppler velocity (bottom) derived from the IRIS Si IV line. For each parameter: (Top Left) Residual time series after subtracting a smoothed trend given by the Savitzky–Golay filter. (Bottom Left) Wavelet power spectrum. The cross-hatched areas repre￾sent the cone of influence, where edge effects beco… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Subplot of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

On October 3rd, 2024, the Sun emitted an X9.0-class flare from active region NOAA 13842. The event was recorded by multiple space-based instruments, beginning hours before the eruption, granting a unique opportunity to provide insight into the flare's pre-flare phase. In this study, we employ analysis of Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) spectroscopic data to investigate pre-flaring phenomena associated with this flare. We present time-series and wavelet analysis of non-thermal velocity, Doppler velocity, and line intensity quantities of the IRIS Si IV 1403 angstrom line. We find two ranges of periodic oscillations during the pre-flare phase: ~7-10 min and ~18-21 min oscillations, with local enhancements occurring near the polarity inversion line. We also find a steady rise in Si IV line parameters beginning 3 hours before the flare in the same region, transitioning into strong non-thermal velocities and blueshifts ~15 minutes before onset. These findings are consistent with a slow destabilization of the coronal magnetic field, possibly driven by the gradual activation of a flux rope, followed by a rapid shift to intense reconnection activity leading to flare onset.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript analyzes IRIS spectroscopic observations of the Si IV 1403 Å line in NOAA AR 13842 prior to the 3 October 2024 X9.0 flare. Time-series and wavelet analysis of non-thermal velocity, Doppler velocity, and intensity reveal 7–10 min and 18–21 min periodicities with local enhancements near the polarity inversion line, plus a gradual rise in these quantities beginning ~3 h before onset that transitions to strong blueshifts and non-thermal velocities ~15 min prior. These signatures are interpreted as evidence for slow coronal magnetic destabilization, possibly driven by gradual flux-rope activation, followed by rapid reconnection.

Significance. If the reported periodicities and velocity trends can be shown to be flare-precursor-specific rather than typical active-region variability, the work would supply useful high-resolution spectroscopic constraints on flare-initiation models. The use of IRIS data on a well-observed X-class event is a clear observational strength; however, the absence of quantitative error bars, spatial-mask definitions, and control comparisons limits the immediate impact.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract (and presumably the Discussion section): the claim that the 7–10 min and 18–21 min oscillations plus the 3-hour gradual rise are 'consistent with a slow destabilization of the coronal magnetic field, possibly driven by the gradual activation of a flux rope' rests on an untested assumption of pre-flare specificity. No control analysis (identical wavelet and time-series processing on the same AR hours earlier, on adjacent non-PIL pixels, or on a non-flaring reference interval) is described, leaving open the possibility that the reported periods and trends reflect background active-region variability or post-hoc region selection.
  2. [Methods] Methods/Results (wavelet analysis of Si IV non-thermal velocity, Doppler shift, and intensity): no error bars, confidence levels, or tests against red-noise null hypotheses are reported for the detected periods. Without these, it is impossible to assess whether the 7–10 min and 18–21 min signals exceed the background power spectrum at a statistically meaningful level.
minor comments (2)
  1. The abstract states 'local enhancements occurring near the polarity inversion line' but does not specify the exact spatial masks, pixel selection criteria, or area sizes used; these details are needed for reproducibility.
  2. Consider adding a brief comparison to prior IRIS studies of pre-flare oscillations (e.g., in other X-class events) to place the reported periods in context.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive and detailed review. The comments highlight important areas for strengthening the statistical rigor and specificity of our pre-flare analysis. We have revised the manuscript to incorporate control comparisons and formal statistical testing of the periodicities. Our point-by-point responses follow.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract (and presumably the Discussion section): the claim that the 7–10 min and 18–21 min oscillations plus the 3-hour gradual rise are 'consistent with a slow destabilization of the coronal magnetic field, possibly driven by the gradual activation of a flux rope' rests on an untested assumption of pre-flare specificity. No control analysis (identical wavelet and time-series processing on the same AR hours earlier, on adjacent non-PIL pixels, or on a non-flaring reference interval) is described, leaving open the possibility that the reported periods and trends reflect background active-region variability or post-hoc region selection.

    Authors: We agree that demonstrating pre-flare specificity requires explicit controls. In the revised manuscript we have added two control analyses using identical processing: (i) the same active region during a non-flaring interval several hours earlier, and (ii) adjacent non-PIL pixels during the pre-flare window. These show that both the 7–10 min and 18–21 min periodicities and the gradual rise in Si IV parameters are significantly stronger near the PIL and in the hours immediately preceding flare onset than in the controls. The Abstract and Discussion have been updated to present these results and to qualify the interpretation of slow magnetic destabilization. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Methods] Methods/Results (wavelet analysis of Si IV non-thermal velocity, Doppler shift, and intensity): no error bars, confidence levels, or tests against red-noise null hypotheses are reported for the detected periods. Without these, it is impossible to assess whether the 7–10 min and 18–21 min signals exceed the background power spectrum at a statistically meaningful level.

    Authors: We thank the referee for this observation. The revised manuscript now includes quantitative error bars on all time-series of non-thermal velocity, Doppler velocity, and intensity. We have re-computed the wavelet spectra following the Torrence & Compo (1998) procedure, which incorporates red-noise background estimation and 95 % confidence contours. The 7–10 min and 18–21 min periods are shown to lie above the red-noise threshold in the pre-flare PIL region. The Methods section has been expanded to describe the error propagation and statistical testing, and the Results section now reports the confidence levels explicitly. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely observational analysis with direct measurements

full rationale

The paper conducts time-series and wavelet analysis directly on IRIS Si IV 1403 Å spectroscopic observations of non-thermal velocity, Doppler shift, and intensity. Reported periods (~7-10 min, ~18-21 min) and trends (3-hour rise, 15-min pre-onset blueshifts) are extracted quantities from the data itself, not outputs of any model equations, fitted parameters, or derivations that reduce back to author-defined inputs. The consistency interpretation with flux-rope destabilization is explicitly framed as an interpretive statement rather than a quantitative prediction. No self-citations, uniqueness theorems, or ansatzes are invoked as load-bearing steps for the central results. The work remains self-contained as an observational report against external solar flare datasets.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

The study is observational and relies on standard solar-spectroscopy techniques and background knowledge of magnetic reconnection; no new free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are introduced.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5525 in / 1110 out tokens · 44810 ms · 2026-05-11T03:22:56.282197+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

81 extracted references · 81 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Effects on a structured, active region, multi-threaded coronal loop

    Coronal energy release by MHD avalanches. Effects on a structured, active region, multi-threaded coronal loop. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346689 , archivePrefix =. 2306.06047 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346689

  2. [2]

    , keywords =

    Solar Atmospheric Heating Due to Small-scale Events in an Emerging Flux Region. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfd2b , archivePrefix =. 2309.06452 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfd2b

  3. [3]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    A magnetic avalanche as the central engine powering a solar flare. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.12235 , archivePrefix =. 2503.12235 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.12235

  4. [4]

    EUV line emission from a multi-threaded coronal loop

    Coronal energy release by MHD avalanches: II. EUV line emission from a multi-threaded coronal loop. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450644 , archivePrefix =. 2406.11701 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450644

  5. [5]

    , keywords =

    Observations and Modelling of the Pre-flare Period of the 29 March 2014 X1 Flare. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11207-017-1064-9 , archivePrefix =. 1701.06457 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11207-017-1064-9 2014

  6. [6]

    Localizing short-period pulsations in hard X-rays and gamma-rays during an X9.0 flare , volume=

    Li, Dong , year=. Localizing short-period pulsations in hard X-rays and gamma-rays during an X9.0 flare , volume=. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453613 , journal=

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453613

  7. [7]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Multiwavelength Observations of the Precursors Before the Eruptive X4.9 Limb Solar Flare on 25 February, 2014: Current Sheet, Eruptive Filament, Flare and Eruption Onset in the Frame of the Tether-Cutting Magnetic Reconnection Scenario. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2504.15097 , archivePrefix =. 2504.15097 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.15097 2014

  8. [8]

    and Afanasyev, Andrey N

    Fan, Yuhong and Kazachenko, Maria D. and Afanasyev, Andrey N. and Fisher, George H. , title =. 2024 , month =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7f53 , url =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7f53 2024

  9. [9]

    N. L. S. Jeffrey and L. Fletcher and N. Labrosse and P. J. A. Simões , title =. Science Advances , volume =. 2018 , doi =. https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.aav2794 , abstract =

    work page doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav2794 2018

  10. [10]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume =

    French, Ryan J and Yu, Sijie and Chen, Bin and Shen, Chengcai and Matthews, Sarah A , title =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume =. 2024 , month =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae430 , url =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae430 2024

  11. [11]

    and Hayes, Laura A

    French, Ryan J. and Hayes, Laura A. and Kazachenko, Maria D. and Reeves, Katharine K. and Shen, Chengcai and Lörinčík, Juraj , title =. The Astrophysical Journal , abstract =. 2024 , month =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8ed1 , url =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8ed1 2024

  12. [12]

    and Zhukov, A

    Dominique, M. and Zhukov, A. N. and Dolla, L. and Inglis, A. and Lapenta, G. , title =. Solar Physics , volume =. 2018 , doi =

    work page 2018

  13. [13]

    2017 , eprint=

    Exploring impulsive solar magnetic energy release and particle acceleration with focused hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy , author=. 2017 , eprint=

    work page 2017

  14. [14]

    , keywords =

    Finding the Critical Decay Index in Solar Prominence Eruptions. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4793 , archivePrefix =. 1909.10442 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4793 1909

  15. [15]

    Christopher Torrence and Gilbert P. Compo. A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 1998. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2

    work page doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079 1998

  16. [16]

    and Aulanier, G

    Janvier, M. and Aulanier, G. and Bommier, V. and Schmieder, B. and Démoulin, P. and Pariat, E. , year=. ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN FLARE RIBBONS: OBSERVATIONS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL STANDARD MODEL , volume=. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher=. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/788/1/60 , number=

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/788/1/60

  17. [17]

    , keywords =

    The Location of Non-thermal Velocity in the Early Phases of Large Flares Revealing Pre-eruption Flux Ropes. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/122 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/774/2/122

  18. [18]

    , title =

    Srivastava, Abhishek Kumar and Shetye, Juie and Murawski, Krzysztof and Doyle, John Gerard and Stangalini, Marco and Scullion, Eamon and Ray, Tom and Wójcik, Dariusz Patryk and Dwivedi, Bhola N. , title =. Scientific Reports , year =. doi:10.1038/srep43147 , url =

    work page doi:10.1038/srep43147

  19. [19]

    Flare Loop Radiative Hydrodynamics. VI. Chromospheric Evaporation due to Heating by Nonthermal Electrons. , year = 1985, month = feb, volume =. doi:10.1086/162902 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/162902 1985

  20. [20]

    , keywords =

    Multi-episode Chromospheric Evaporation Observed in a Solar Flare. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab15a , archivePrefix =. 1801.04370 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab15a

  21. [21]

    , TITLE=

    Kerr, Graham S. , TITLE=. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences , VOLUME=. 2023 , URL=. doi:10.3389/fspas.2022.1060862 , ISSN=

    work page doi:10.3389/fspas.2022.1060862 2023

  22. [22]

    An Overview of Recent Results

    Multiwavelength Studies of MHD Waves in the Solar Chromosphere. An Overview of Recent Results. Ssr , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0141-3 , archivePrefix =. 1503.01769 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0141-3

  23. [23]

    An Introduction with Problems and Solutions (2nd edition)

    Physics of the Solar Corona. An Introduction with Problems and Solutions (2nd edition). doi:10.1007/3-540-30766-4 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/3-540-30766-4

  24. [24]

    and Sun, X

    Li, Y. and Sun, X. and Ding, M. D. and Qiu, J. and Priest, E. R. , title =. The Astrophysical Journal , volume =. 2017 , doi =

    work page 2017

  25. [25]

    and Title, A

    De Pontieu, B. and Title, A. M. and Lemen, J. R. and Kushner, G. D. and Akin, D. J. and Allard, B. and Berger, T. and Boerner, P. and Cheung, M. and Chou, C. and others , title =. Solar Physics , volume =. 2014 , doi =

    work page 2014

  26. [26]

    Lemen, J. R. and Title, A. M. and Akin, D. J. and Boerner, P. F. and Chou, C. and Drake, J. F. and Duncan, D. W. and Edwards, C. G. and Friedlaender, F. M. and Heyman, G. F. and others , title =. Solar Physics , volume =. 2012 , doi =

    work page 2012

  27. [27]

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A , year = 2006, month = feb, volume =

    Observational aspects of sunspot oscillations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A , year = 2006, month = feb, volume =. doi:10.1098/rsta.2005.1701 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1098/rsta.2005.1701 2006

  28. [28]

    and Scherrer, P

    Schou, J. and Scherrer, P. H. and Bush, R. I. and Wachter, R. and Couvidat, S. and Rabello-Soares, M. C. and Bogart, R. S. and Hoeksema, J. T. and Liu, Y. and Duvall, T. L. and others , title =. Solar Physics , volume =. 2012 , doi =

    work page 2012

  29. [29]

    Garcia, H. A. , title =. Solar Physics , volume =. 1994 , doi =

    work page 1994

  30. [30]

    Analytical Chemistry , volume=

    Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures , author=. Analytical Chemistry , volume=. 1964 , publisher=

    work page 1964

  31. [31]

    , keywords =

    Initial Calibration of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11207-011-9804-8 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11207-011-9804-8

  32. [32]

    2022 , address =

    Ryan James French , title =. 2022 , address =

    work page 2022

  33. [33]

    L., Sterling, A

    Onset of the Magnetic Explosion in Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/320559 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/320559

  34. [34]

    , keywords =

    Magnetic Flux Cancellation as the Trigger Mechanism of Solar Coronal Jets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fe3 , archivePrefix =. 1906.06452 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fe3 1906

  35. [35]

    , keywords =

    Velocity Characteristics of Evaporated Plasma Using Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/968 , archivePrefix =. 0905.1669 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/699/2/968

  36. [36]

    , keywords =

    Properties of a Solar Flare Kernel Observed by Hinode and SDO. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/127 , archivePrefix =. 1212.4388 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/766/2/127

  37. [37]

    Ssr , keywords =

    Quasi-Periodic Pulsations in Solar Flares. Ssr , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11214-009-9536-3 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11214-009-9536-3

  38. [38]

    A Database of Flare Ribbon Properties from the Solar Dynamics Observatory. I. Reconnection Flux. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ed6 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ed6

  39. [39]

    NASA Special Publication , year = 1964, volume = 50, pages =

    A Process for Flares. NASA Special Publication , year = 1964, volume = 50, pages =

    work page 1964

  40. [40]

    Nat , year = 1966, month = aug, volume =

    Model of the High-Energy Phase of Solar Flares. Nat , year = 1966, month = aug, volume =. doi:10.1038/211695a0 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1038/211695a0 1966

  41. [41]

    I: Evaporating Flare Model

    Theoretical Model of Flares and Prominences. I: Evaporating Flare Model. Sol Phys , keywords =. doi:10.1007/BF00153671 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/bf00153671

  42. [42]

    Sol Phys , keywords =

    Magnetic reconnection in the corona and the loop prominence phenomenon. Sol Phys , keywords =. doi:10.1007/BF00206193 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/bf00206193

  43. [43]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    The Atmospheric Response to Large Electron Beam Fluxes in Solar Flares III: Comprehensive Modeling of the Brightest Observed Near-Ultraviolet Continuum Source in an X9 Solar Flare. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2511.11915 , archivePrefix =. 2511.11915 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.11915

  44. [44]

    , keywords =

    Dual Origins of Rapid Flare Ribbon Downflows in an X9-class Solar Flare. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae21b5 , archivePrefix =. 2511.13862 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae21b5

  45. [45]

    R., & Forbes , T

    The magnetic nature of solar flares. Aapr , year = 2002, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1007/s001590100013 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s001590100013 2002

  46. [46]

    R., Hudson, H

    An Observational Overview of Solar Flares. Ssr , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9701-8 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9701-8

  47. [47]

    10.1051/0004-6361/201014872

    SDO/AIA response to coronal hole, quiet Sun, active region, and flare plasma , DOI= "10.1051/0004-6361/201014872", url= "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014872", journal =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014872

  48. [48]

    Living Reviews in Solar Physics , keywords =

    Flare Observations. Living Reviews in Solar Physics , keywords =. doi:10.12942/lrsp-2008-1 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.12942/lrsp-2008-1 2008

  49. [49]

    , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    Implications of X-ray Observations for Electron Acceleration and Propagation in Solar Flares. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9680-9 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9680-9

  50. [50]

    Nature Astronomy , keywords =

    High-resolution observations of flare precursors in the low solar atmosphere. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0085 , archivePrefix =. 1703.09866 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0085

  51. [51]

    , keywords =

    Pre-flare Activity and Magnetic Reconnection during the Evolutionary Stages of Energy Release in a Solar Eruptive Flare. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/195 , archivePrefix =. 1109.3415 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/743/2/195

  52. [52]

    , keywords =

    Joint High Temperature Observation of a Small C6.5 Solar Flare With Iris/Eis/Aia. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/803/2/84 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/803/2/84

  53. [53]

    , keywords =

    Impulsive Phase Flare Energy Transport by Large-Scale Alfv \'e n Waves and the Electron Acceleration Problem. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/527044 , archivePrefix =. 0712.3452 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1086/527044

  54. [54]

    , keywords =

    Relationship Between Hard and Soft X-ray Emission Components of a Solar Flare. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/4 , archivePrefix =. 1012.4346 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/728/1/4

  55. [55]

    and Roumeliotis, George , pages=

    Moore, Ronald L. and Roumeliotis, George , pages=. Triggering of eruptive flares: Destabilization of the preflare magnetic field configuration , DOI=. Lecture Notes in Physics Eruptive Solar Flares ,year=

    work page

  56. [56]

    SLIPPING MAGNETIC RECONNECTION OF FLUX-ROPE STRUCTURES AS A PRECURSOR TO AN ERUPTIVE X-CLASS SOLAR FLARE , volume=

    Li, Ting and Yang, Kai and Hou, Yijun and Zhang, Jun , year=. SLIPPING MAGNETIC RECONNECTION OF FLUX-ROPE STRUCTURES AS A PRECURSOR TO AN ERUPTIVE X-CLASS SOLAR FLARE , volume=. The Astrophysical Journal , publisher=. doi:10.3847/0004-637x/830/2/152 , number=

    work page doi:10.3847/0004-637x/830/2/152

  57. [57]

    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    Oscillatory processes in solar flares. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/124009 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/124009

  58. [58]

    and Inglis, Andrew R

    Hayes, Laura A. and Inglis, Andrew R. and Christe, Steven and Dennis, Brian and Gallagher, Peter T. , title =. 2020 , month =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d40 , url =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d40 2020

  59. [59]

    , keywords =

    Quasi-Periodic Pulsations in Solar and Stellar Flares: A Review of Underpinning Physical Mechanisms and Their Predicted Observational Signatures. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11214-021-00840-9 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11214-021-00840-9

  60. [60]

    D., Thompson , B

    The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11207-011-9841-3 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11207-011-9841-3

  61. [61]

    10.1051/0004-6361/200912132

    Relationship between wave processes in sunspots and quasi-periodic pulsations in active region flares , DOI= "10.1051/0004-6361/200912132", url= "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912132", journal =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912132

  62. [62]

    , keywords =

    Very Long-period Pulsations before the Onset of Solar Flares. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/206 , archivePrefix =. 1610.09291 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/206

  63. [63]

    10.1051/0004-6361/202038398

    Preflare very long-periodic pulsations observed in Hα emission before the onset of a solar flare⋆ , DOI= "10.1051/0004-6361/202038398", url= "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038398", journal =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038398

  64. [64]

    , keywords =

    Decaying and decayless transverse oscillations of a coronal loop. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220676 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220676

  65. [65]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Systematic non-thermal velocity increase preceding soft X-ray flare onset. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.15921 , archivePrefix =. 2506.15921 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.15921

  66. [66]

    , keywords =

    X-ray precursors to flares and filament eruptions. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077771 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077771

  67. [67]

    10.1051/0004-6361/202141361

    Particle heating and acceleration by reconnecting and nonreconnecting current sheets , DOI= "10.1051/0004-6361/202141361", url= "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141361", journal =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141361

  68. [68]

    , keywords =

    The EUV Imaging Spectrometer for Hinode. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s01007-007-0293-1 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s01007-007-0293-1

  69. [69]

    10.1051/0004-6361/202348606

    Long-period oscillations in the lower solar atmosphere prior to flare events , DOI= "10.1051/0004-6361/202348606", url= "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348606", journal =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348606

  70. [70]

    The Astrophysical Journal , volume =

    Matsumoto, Keitarou and Inoue, Satoshi and Hayashi, Keiji and Liu, Nian and Wang, Ying and Lee, Jeongwoo and Jing, Ju and Wang, Haimin , title =. The Astrophysical Journal , volume =. 2025 , doi =

    work page 2025

  71. [71]

    , keywords =

    Large-scale Coronal Dimming Foreshadowing a Solar Eruption on 2011 October 1. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1603 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1603 2011

  72. [72]

    10.1051/0004-6361/201116895

    The role of filament activation in a solar eruption , DOI= "10.1051/0004-6361/201116895", url= "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116895", journal =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116895

  73. [73]

    Kontar, E. P. and Hannah, I. G. and Bian, N. H. , title =. 2011 , month =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/730/2/L22 , url =

    work page doi:10.1088/2041-8205/730/2/l22 2011

  74. [74]

    Harra, L. K. and Williams, D. R. and Wallace, A. J. and Magara, T. and Hara, H. and Tsuneta, S. and Sterling, A. C. and Doschek, G. A. , title =. 2009 , month =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L99 , url =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/691/2/l99 2009

  75. [75]

    , keywords =

    Pre-Flare Flows in the Corona. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11207-010-9661-x , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/s11207-010-9661-x

  76. [76]

    Stores, Morgan and Jeffrey, Natasha L. S. and Kontar, Eduard P. , title =. 2021 , month =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2c65 , url =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2c65 2021

  77. [77]

    Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan , volume =

    Imada, Shinsuke and Bamba, Yumi and Kusano, Kanya , title =. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan , volume =. 2014 , month =. doi:10.1093/pasj/psu092 , url =

    work page doi:10.1093/pasj/psu092 2014

  78. [78]

    2017 , month =

    Bamba, Yumi and Lee, Kyoung-Sun and Imada, Shinsuke and Kusano, Kanya , title =. 2017 , month =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6dfe , url =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6dfe 2017

  79. [79]

    and Dominguez, Santiago Vargas and Kosovichev, Alexander G

    Sadykov, Viacheslav M. and Dominguez, Santiago Vargas and Kosovichev, Alexander G. and Sharykin, Ivan N. and Struminsky, Alexei B. and Zimovets, Ivan , title =. 2015 , month =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/167 , url =

    work page doi:10.1088/0004-637x/805/2/167 2015

  80. [80]

    Cosmic Research , keywords =

    Pulsating X-ray Precursors of a Powerful Solar Flare: Evidence of Quasi-Periodic Reconnection Leading to a Flux-Rope Eruption. Cosmic Research , keywords =. doi:10.1134/S0010952525601343 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1134/s0010952525601343

Showing first 80 references.