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arxiv: 2605.14225 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-14 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el

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The thermopower properties of interacting systems

M. A. Habitzreuter , Willdauany C. de Freitas da Silva , Rodrigo A. Fontenele , Natanael C. Costa , Thereza Paiva
Authors on Pith no claims yet
Pith Number pith:TV6SOOV5 state: computed view record JSON
4 claims · 65 references · 0 theorem links. This is the computed registry record for this paper; it is not author-attested yet.

Pith reviewed 2026-05-15 02:41 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el
keywords Seebeck coefficientthermopowerelectronic correlationsFermi surface topologydoping dependenceelectron-phonon couplingHubbard modelthermoelectric materials
0
0 comments X

The pith

Additional interactions beyond on-site repulsion enhance the Seebeck coefficient and produce multiple anomalous sign changes with doping.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper examines the Seebeck coefficient in systems with various interaction types beyond the basic on-site repulsion. It demonstrates that these extra scales not only boost the coefficient but also produce several anomalous sign reversals depending on doping level. These reversals connect to a gap in the ground state and modifications to the Fermi surface that change its topology. Readers interested in thermoelectric materials would note this as a route to control voltage generation from temperature gradients through interaction engineering.

Core claim

We find that additional interaction scales can enhance the Seebeck coefficient, while also leading to multiple anomalous changes of sign as a function of doping. We also show that the anomalous behavior is connected to a gap opening in the ground state. Moreover, electron-phonon coupling also lead to a Seebeck anomaly, even without on-site repulsion. We connect these changes of sign in the Seebeck coefficient with a restructuring of the Fermi surface and a change in its topology.

What carries the argument

The Seebeck coefficient calculated from extended Hubbard-like Hamiltonians that include attractive, nearest-neighbor, sublattice, and electron-phonon terms, with sign changes tied to Fermi surface restructuring and topology shifts.

If this is right

  • Additional interactions enhance the Seebeck coefficient beyond on-site effects alone.
  • Multiple sign changes appear as a function of doping due to these extra scales.
  • Anomalous behavior ties directly to gap opening in the ground state.
  • Electron-phonon coupling produces Seebeck anomalies even without on-site repulsion.
  • Sign changes correspond to restructuring of the Fermi surface including topology changes.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Engineering nearest-neighbor interactions in materials could be used to achieve larger thermopower values.
  • The topology connection suggests similar sign-change patterns may appear in other doped correlated systems.
  • Transport measurements sensitive to Fermi surface shape could test the predicted doping dependence.

Load-bearing premise

Numerical calculations of the Seebeck coefficient from the extended models accurately reflect the system's low-energy physics without major errors from finite size or approximations.

What would settle it

A calculation or measurement in a model with added nearest-neighbor interactions showing no Seebeck enhancement or fewer than multiple sign changes across doping.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.14225 by M. A. Habitzreuter, Natanael C. Costa, Rodrigo A. Fontenele, Thereza Paiva, Willdauany C. de Freitas da Silva.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: (a). To highlight differences between attractive and repulsive interactions, we consider U/t = −6 and U/t = 6, as well as the noninteracting case. Notice that, for attractive interactions, the curve indicates a reduced bandwidth compared to the noninteracting case. This behavior is consistent with the tendency toward double occupancy at strong attractive coupling, which yields a bosonic character and favor… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Seebeck coefficient as a function [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. (Color online) Ground state CDW structure factor [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. (Color online) Seebeck coefficient as a function of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: (a) shows the density as a function of chemical potential for several values of U/t and λ/t. We empha￾size two main features. First, unlike in the pure Hub￾bard model, where a Mott plateau is already visible at U/t = 6 (see [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: FIG. 9. (Color online) Seebeck coefficient of the ionic Hub [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8. (Color online) Seebeck coefficient for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10. (Color online) SDW structure factor for the ionic [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12. The spectral function at the Fermi level [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: FIG. 11. The spectral function at the Fermi level [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: FIG. 13. The spectral function at the Fermi level [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: FIG. 14. Density of states for (a) the ionic Hubbard model at [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_14.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The quest for efficient devices has fueled research in thermoelectric materials. In these materials, the goal is to maximize the Figure of Merit $ZT$. One of the components of this quantity is the Seebeck coefficient, which measures the voltage generated in response to a temperature gradient. Recent studies have revealed that strong electronic correlations can enhance the Seebeck coefficient, leading to anomalous behavior near half-filling. However, the impact of interactions beyond the on-site Hubbard remains mostly unexplored. In this work, we investigate the Seebeck coefficient considering attractive interactions, nearest-neighbor interactions, sublattice potentials and electron-phonon coupling. We find that additional interaction scales can enhance the Seebeck coefficient, while also leading to multiple anomalous changes of sign as a function of doping. We also show that the anomalous behavior is connected to a gap opening in the ground state. Moreover, electron-phonon coupling also lead to a Seebeck anomaly, even without on-site repulsion. We connect these changes of sign in the Seebeck coefficient with a restructuring of the Fermi surface and a change in its topology, an effect commonly seen in cuprates.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper investigates the Seebeck coefficient (thermopower) in Hubbard-like models extended by attractive interactions, nearest-neighbor repulsion, sublattice potentials, and electron-phonon coupling. It claims that these additional scales enhance the Seebeck coefficient relative to the pure Hubbard case, produce multiple anomalous sign changes as a function of doping, and that the sign changes are tied to a restructuring of the Fermi surface, a change in its topology, and gap opening in the ground state. Electron-phonon coupling is reported to induce Seebeck anomalies even in the absence of on-site repulsion.

Significance. If the transport calculations are free of uncontrolled approximations, the work would usefully extend the known correlation-enhanced thermopower regime to models with longer-range and electron-phonon terms, providing a microscopic link between Seebeck sign changes and Fermi-surface topology that is relevant to cuprate phenomenology. The explicit demonstration that electron-phonon coupling alone suffices for anomalies is a potentially falsifiable prediction.

major comments (2)
  1. [Methods] Methods section: the computation of the Seebeck coefficient (presumably via Kubo or Boltzmann transport from the interacting Green's function) must be shown to be converged with respect to cluster size, frequency cutoff, and self-energy approximation; without such checks the reported doping-driven sign changes and topology transitions remain vulnerable to finite-size or truncation artifacts that directly affect the central claim.
  2. [Results] Results on doping dependence: the link between Seebeck sign changes and Fermi-surface topology restructuring is asserted but requires an explicit diagnostic (e.g., momentum-resolved spectral function or Hall coefficient) at the doping values where sign changes occur; the current connection appears interpretive rather than quantitatively demonstrated.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states that additional interactions 'enhance' the Seebeck coefficient but does not quantify the enhancement relative to the pure Hubbard baseline or specify the interaction strengths used.
  2. [Model] Notation for the extended interaction terms (attractive, nearest-neighbor, electron-phonon) should be defined once in the Hamiltonian section and used consistently thereafter.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and constructive comments on our manuscript. We appreciate the positive assessment of the work's potential significance and agree that the suggested additions will strengthen the presentation. We address each major comment below and will revise the manuscript accordingly.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Methods] Methods section: the computation of the Seebeck coefficient (presumably via Kubo or Boltzmann transport from the interacting Green's function) must be shown to be converged with respect to cluster size, frequency cutoff, and self-energy approximation; without such checks the reported doping-driven sign changes and topology transitions remain vulnerable to finite-size or truncation artifacts that directly affect the central claim.

    Authors: We agree that explicit convergence tests are necessary to substantiate the robustness of the reported sign changes. In the revised manuscript we will add a dedicated subsection to the Methods section that presents convergence checks with respect to cluster size (including direct comparisons between 2x2 and larger clusters), frequency cutoff, and the self-energy approximation. These tests will be shown to confirm that the doping-dependent anomalies persist and are not sensitive to the numerical parameters. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Results] Results on doping dependence: the link between Seebeck sign changes and Fermi-surface topology restructuring is asserted but requires an explicit diagnostic (e.g., momentum-resolved spectral function or Hall coefficient) at the doping values where sign changes occur; the current connection appears interpretive rather than quantitatively demonstrated.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the connection between the Seebeck anomalies and Fermi-surface changes can be made more direct. In the revised version we will include momentum-resolved spectral functions evaluated precisely at the doping values where sign changes occur, explicitly demonstrating gap opening and the associated topology restructuring. We will also add the doping dependence of the Hall coefficient as an additional quantitative diagnostic that corroborates the link to Fermi-surface topology. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; results from direct numerical computation of Seebeck coefficient

full rationale

The paper computes the Seebeck coefficient numerically for extended interacting Hamiltonians (attractive, nearest-neighbor, sublattice, and electron-phonon terms added to Hubbard model). The central claims—enhancement of Seebeck, multiple sign changes with doping, and connection to Fermi-surface restructuring—are presented as outcomes of these calculations rather than any self-definitional loop, fitted parameter renamed as prediction, or load-bearing self-citation. No equations or steps reduce by construction to the inputs; the derivation chain is self-contained against external benchmarks such as the underlying model Hamiltonians and standard transport formulas.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

Only abstract available, so ledger is necessarily incomplete. The work rests on standard condensed-matter models with tunable interaction parameters; no new particles or forces are postulated.

free parameters (1)
  • interaction strengths (attractive, nearest-neighbor, electron-phonon)
    Model parameters that are varied across regimes to produce the reported Seebeck enhancements and sign changes.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption The extended Hubbard or Holstein-Hubbard Hamiltonian accurately represents the low-energy physics of the materials of interest.
    Invoked implicitly when the authors add attractive, nearest-neighbor, and phonon terms to the standard model.

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Reference graph

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