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arxiv: 2605.29665 · v1 · pith:5Q4GBUDFnew · submitted 2026-05-28 · ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con · cond-mat.str-el

Thickness-driven crossover from conventional to chiral nonreciprocal superconductivity in kagome metal CsV3Sb5

Wei Zhang , Jiangbo Luo , Nikolai Peshcherenko , Zheyu Wang , Chun Wai Tsang , Kwing To Lai , King Yau Yip , Kenji Watanabe
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Takashi Taniguchi Junxiong Hu Yang Zhang Swee K. Goh A. Ariando
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-29 00:30 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
keywords kagome superconductorCsV3Sb5chiral superconductivitynonreciprocal transportsuperconducting diode effectdimensional crossoverultrathin flakes
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The pith

Reducing flake thickness in CsV3Sb5 induces a chiral superconducting phase that breaks inversion and time-reversal symmetries.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper examines how sample thickness controls the superconducting order in the kagome metal CsV3Sb5. Bulk crystals show conventional s-wave pairing, yet transport measurements on progressively thinner flakes reveal the appearance of nonreciprocal second-harmonic magnetotransport and a zero-field superconducting diode effect. These signatures coincide with a sharp drop in out-of-plane coherence length and a crossover from three-dimensional to two-dimensional superconductivity. The combined observations point to a thickness-driven transition into a chiral state that necessarily breaks both inversion and time-reversal symmetry. This resolves debates over pairing symmetry and identifies thin kagome flakes as a route to nonreciprocal devices.

Core claim

As thickness is reduced, CsV3Sb5 undergoes a dimensional crossover from three-dimensional conventional superconductivity to two-dimensional chiral superconductivity; the chiral phase breaks both inversion and time-reversal symmetries and produces nonreciprocal transport including a zero-field diode effect.

What carries the argument

Thickness-dependent nonreciprocal second-harmonic magnetotransport together with upper-critical-field measurements that track the reduction in out-of-plane coherence length.

If this is right

  • Pairing symmetry in CsV3Sb5 is conventional s-wave in bulk but chiral in the two-dimensional limit.
  • Ultrathin kagome flakes provide a platform for nonreciprocal quantum devices.
  • The two-dimensional limit enables exploration of emergent topological phases tied to the broken symmetries.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Electron confinement in two dimensions may favor chiral pairing by modifying the Fermi-surface geometry or interaction strength.
  • Thickness control could be used in other layered or kagome superconductors to induce similar chiral states.
  • The nonreciprocal response offers a direct electrical probe of time-reversal symmetry breaking without applied magnetic fields.

Load-bearing premise

The nonreciprocal signals and diode effect are produced by an intrinsic chiral order parameter rather than by extrinsic strain, disorder, or interface effects.

What would settle it

Demonstration that the zero-field diode effect vanishes in unstrained, interface-free samples while superconductivity persists would show the signals are extrinsic.

read the original abstract

Superconductivity and its potential applications are governed by the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter. In the kagome metal CsV3Sb5, most bulk studies indicate conventional s-wave pairing. However, ultrathin flakes exhibit nonreciprocal transport, in particular a zero-field superconducting diode effect, which requires broken inversion and time-reversal symmetries. Here, using thickness dependent transport measurements, we observe the emergence of non-reciprocal second-harmonic magnetotransport signals and a zero-field superconducting diode effect, accompanied by a pronounced reduction of the out-of-plane coherence length with decreasing thickness. Upper critical field measurements further reveal a dimensional crossover from three-dimensional superconductivity in bulk to two-dimensional superconductivity in thin flakes. These findings indicate a thickness-induced chiral superconducting phase that breaks both inversion and time-reversal symmetries in the two-dimensional limit. Our work not only clarifies long-standing controversies regarding the pairing symmetry in CsV3Sb5, but also establishes thin-flake kagome superconductors as a versatile platform for engineering nonreciprocal quantum devices and exploring emergent topological phases.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports thickness-dependent transport measurements on CsV3Sb5 flakes. It claims that ultrathin samples exhibit nonreciprocal second-harmonic magnetotransport and a zero-field superconducting diode effect, together with a reduction in out-of-plane coherence length and a crossover from 3D to 2D superconductivity in the upper critical field. These observations are interpreted as evidence for a thickness-driven transition to a chiral superconducting phase that breaks both inversion and time-reversal symmetry in the 2D limit, contrasting with conventional s-wave pairing in bulk crystals.

Significance. If the central interpretation is substantiated, the work would help resolve ongoing debates on the pairing symmetry of CsV3Sb5 and establish thin-flake kagome superconductors as a platform for nonreciprocal devices. The dimensional crossover in Hc2 is a standard and useful observation in such systems; the thickness series itself is a strength of the experimental design.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract and discussion of nonreciprocal transport] Abstract (final paragraph) and the discussion of the diode effect: the attribution of the zero-field diode effect and second-harmonic signals to an intrinsic chiral order parameter is load-bearing for the central claim, yet the manuscript provides no direct experimental controls (e.g., strain mapping, symmetric vs. asymmetric contact geometries, or comparison to deliberately strained bulk crystals) to distinguish this from extrinsic mechanisms such as strain gradients or interface scattering that are known to produce nonreciprocity and intensify in the ultrathin limit.
  2. [Upper critical field measurements] The section on upper critical field and coherence length: while a dimensional crossover is reported, the reduction in out-of-plane coherence length is presented without quantitative comparison to 2D Ginzburg-Landau or Tinkham models, nor is it linked by any additional measurement (e.g., specific-heat jump or penetration-depth data) to a change in order-parameter symmetry; this leaves the connection between dimensionality and chirality indirect.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states that 'most bulk studies indicate conventional s-wave pairing' without citing the specific references that establish this consensus; adding those citations would improve context.
  2. [Methods/experimental section] Sample preparation and flake thickness determination methods are not described with sufficient detail (e.g., AFM calibration, exfoliation conditions) to allow reproduction of the thickness series.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful and constructive review. We address the two major comments point by point below, providing clarifications based on the existing data and indicating where revisions will be made.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and discussion of nonreciprocal transport] Abstract (final paragraph) and the discussion of the diode effect: the attribution of the zero-field diode effect and second-harmonic signals to an intrinsic chiral order parameter is load-bearing for the central claim, yet the manuscript provides no direct experimental controls (e.g., strain mapping, symmetric vs. asymmetric contact geometries, or comparison to deliberately strained bulk crystals) to distinguish this from extrinsic mechanisms such as strain gradients or interface scattering that are known to produce nonreciprocity and intensify in the ultrathin limit.

    Authors: We agree that ruling out extrinsic contributions is important for the central claim. Our data show that the nonreciprocal second-harmonic signals and zero-field diode effect emerge only below a well-defined thickness threshold that coincides with the observed 3D-to-2D crossover in Hc2; this systematic thickness dependence is inconsistent with strain gradients or interface scattering, which would be expected to vary more continuously or appear in thicker samples as well. All devices used symmetric contact geometries, and control measurements on bulk crystals under comparable conditions show no such signals. While we did not perform strain mapping or deliberate straining of bulk crystals, we will add an expanded discussion of these controls and why extrinsic mechanisms are unlikely in the revised manuscript. revision: partial

  2. Referee: [Upper critical field measurements] The section on upper critical field and coherence length: while a dimensional crossover is reported, the reduction in out-of-plane coherence length is presented without quantitative comparison to 2D Ginzburg-Landau or Tinkham models, nor is it linked by any additional measurement (e.g., specific-heat jump or penetration-depth data) to a change in order-parameter symmetry; this leaves the connection between dimensionality and chirality indirect.

    Authors: We appreciate this suggestion. In the revised manuscript we will include explicit quantitative comparisons of the Hc2(T) data to both the 2D Ginzburg-Landau and Tinkham models, which will strengthen the characterization of the dimensional crossover and the extracted coherence-length reduction. The primary evidence for the change in order-parameter symmetry remains the simultaneous appearance of the nonreciprocal transport signatures; the coherence-length data establish the 2D character of the superconductivity but are not claimed to directly prove chirality. Additional thermodynamic probes such as specific-heat or penetration-depth measurements lie outside the scope of the present transport study. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity: purely experimental interpretation with no derivation or fitted model

full rationale

The paper reports thickness-dependent transport data (nonreciprocal second-harmonic signals, zero-field diode effect, Hc2 crossover) and interprets these as evidence for a thickness-induced chiral phase. No equations, ansatzes, parameter fits, or self-citations are presented that reduce any claimed result to its own inputs by construction. The central claim is an experimental inference, not a mathematical derivation. This matches the default expectation of no circularity.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review supplies no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities beyond standard assumptions of superconductivity phenomenology.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5776 in / 1154 out tokens · 22632 ms · 2026-06-29T00:30:00.494150+00:00 · methodology

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Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Direct Observation of Channelised Supercurrents in a Kagome Superconductor

    cond-mat.supr-con 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Direct SQUID imaging shows narrow supercurrent channels forming a Josephson-junction-like network in doped CsV3Sb5-xSnx, weaker in undoped samples.

Reference graph

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