Search for electroweak scale dijet resonances in pile-up collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration

arxiv: 2606.03222 · v1 · pith:VRVGYBKFnew · submitted 2026-06-02 · ✦ hep-ex

Search for electroweak scale dijet resonances in pile-up collisions at sqrt{s}=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-28 08:10 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex

keywords dijet resonancepile-up collisionsATLASLHCdark matteraxial-vector mediator13 TeV

0 comments

The pith

No significant excess is observed in a search for 100-250 GeV dijet resonances using pile-up collisions at 13 TeV.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes a new method to search for low-mass dijet resonances by separately reconstructing pile-up collisions in ATLAS data collected with single-lepton triggers. This bypasses the usual high jet trigger thresholds that limit conventional searches in the 100-250 GeV range. Using data corresponding to 1.30 pb^{-1} effective luminosity, the analysis finds no significant excess above the expected multijet background. Exclusion limits are placed on a generic Gaussian resonance and on a simplified dark matter model with an axial-vector mediator.

Core claim

The analysis applies a new strategy of separately reconstructing multiple pile-up collisions per bunch crossing to probe dijet masses from 100 to 250 GeV. Using 1.30 pb^{-1} of effective luminosity from 2016-2018 data, no significant excess is observed above the expected background, and exclusion limits are set for Gaussian-shaped resonances and for an axial-vector mediator in a dark matter model.

What carries the argument

Separate reconstruction of pile-up proton-proton interactions in single-lepton triggered events to access the 100-250 GeV dijet mass range.

Load-bearing premise

Dijet resonances from pile-up interactions can be accurately reconstructed and the multijet background shape and normalization are correctly modeled in the 100-250 GeV range using the selected single-lepton triggered events.

What would settle it

Observation of a statistically significant excess above the background expectation in the dijet invariant mass distribution.

read the original abstract

A search for dijet resonances in the mass range of 100-250 GeV is presented using proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Conventional searches for hadronic resonances in the sub-TeV regime are heavily constrained by high jet trigger thresholds required to manage the overwhelming rate of Standard Model multijet background processes described by quantum chromodynamics. To overcome this limitation, this analysis uses a novel strategy that separately reconstructs multiple proton-proton interactions per bunch crossing, known as pile-up collisions. The dataset was collected by the ATLAS experiment using single-electron and single-muon triggers in 2016-2018 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.30 pb$^{-1}$, which represents the effective luminosity of pile-up collisions recorded alongside triggered events. This constitutes the first application of pile-up collisions to probe low dijet mass scales. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation and exclusion limits are set for a generic Gaussian model and a simplified dark matter model featuring an axial-vector mediator with coupling to quarks.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper shows a workable way to reach 100-250 GeV dijet masses by reconstructing pile-up from lepton-triggered events, but the 1.3 pb^{-1} effective luminosity keeps the limits modest.

read the letter

The central point is that ATLAS has run the first search for dijet resonances below 250 GeV by treating pile-up vertices as the analysis sample while using single-electron and single-muon triggers to collect the data. They report no excess and set limits on a Gaussian shape plus a simplified axial-vector mediator model.

The technique itself is the real step. Standard jet triggers sit too high to reach this mass range, so borrowing the lepton triggers and isolating the pile-up collisions is a direct way around the rate problem. That part is cleanly motivated and matches the abstract claim of being the first such application.

The obvious limitation is the effective luminosity of only 1.3 pb^{-1}. Even with good background modeling, the resulting exclusions will be weak compared with what a dedicated low-mass run could deliver. The background shape and normalization are taken from the triggered events and applied to the pile-up sample; any mismatch in jet kinematics, vertex quality, or trigger bias would move the no-excess conclusion. The stress-test note flags exactly this step, and it remains the part that needs the most scrutiny in the full text.

The paper is aimed at experimentalists who work on resonance searches or trigger strategies at hadron colliders. It is not a high-impact result on its own, but the method could be reused or scaled if the background validation holds up. It is coherent on its own terms and shows straightforward engagement with the experimental constraints, so it deserves a serious referee rather than a desk reject.

Referee Report

1 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper presents a search for dijet resonances in the 100-250 GeV mass range using pile-up proton-proton collisions recorded by ATLAS at √s=13 TeV. A novel strategy reconstructs multiple interactions per bunch crossing using events selected by single-electron and single-muon triggers, corresponding to an effective luminosity of 1.30 pb^{-1}. No significant excess above the expected multijet background is observed, and exclusion limits are set on a generic Gaussian resonance model as well as a simplified dark matter model with an axial-vector mediator coupling to quarks.

Significance. If validated, the result demonstrates a viable new experimental approach to access low-mass dijet resonances that are otherwise inaccessible due to trigger rate limitations. This could enable additional searches in future high-pile-up LHC data and provides constraints on possible new physics in the electroweak scale. The data-driven background estimation from control samples is a methodological strength when properly cross-checked.

major comments (1)

[Background modeling] Background modeling section: The central no-excess claim and subsequent limits depend on the multijet background shape and normalization extracted from single-lepton triggered events correctly describing the pile-up dijet sample in the 100-250 GeV range. The manuscript must include explicit validation (e.g., closure tests, comparisons of jet p_T, η, or vertex quality distributions between control and pile-up selections) to demonstrate that trigger bias, vertex reconstruction, or kinematic mismatches do not affect the background subtraction.

minor comments (2)

[Abstract] Abstract: The phrase '1.30 pb^{-1}' should specify whether this is the precise effective luminosity after all selections and how it is derived from the total recorded luminosity.
[Figures] Figure captions: Ensure all figures showing dijet mass distributions include the full set of systematic uncertainty bands and the ratio panel for data/MC agreement.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive feedback and positive assessment of the work's significance. We address the major comment on background modeling below.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: Background modeling section: The central no-excess claim and subsequent limits depend on the multijet background shape and normalization extracted from single-lepton triggered events correctly describing the pile-up dijet sample in the 100-250 GeV range. The manuscript must include explicit validation (e.g., closure tests, comparisons of jet p_T, η, or vertex quality distributions between control and pile-up selections) to demonstrate that trigger bias, vertex reconstruction, or kinematic mismatches do not affect the background subtraction.

Authors: We agree that explicit validation strengthens the background modeling. The revised manuscript will add dedicated closure tests in simulation and direct comparisons of jet p_T, η, and vertex quality distributions between the single-lepton control samples and the pile-up dijet selections. These will be included in an expanded background estimation section to confirm that trigger bias, vertex reconstruction, and kinematic effects do not impact the subtraction in the 100-250 GeV range. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; experimental search is self-contained

full rationale

This is a standard experimental search paper that reports observed data in pile-up collisions, models background from single-lepton triggered control samples, and sets limits on signal models. No derivation chain, fitted prediction, or ansatz is presented that reduces by construction to its own inputs. Background estimation and reconstruction are data-driven and external to the signal hypothesis; the no-excess conclusion follows from direct comparison to that background. Self-citations, if present, are not load-bearing for the central result. The analysis is therefore scored at the default non-circular level.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review; no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are detailed beyond standard LHC experimental assumptions such as Standard Model background processes.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5728 in / 1116 out tokens · 21590 ms · 2026-06-28T08:10:17.213942+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

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