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arxiv: 2606.12038 · v1 · pith:FFZTFT2Knew · submitted 2026-06-10 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el

Phonons and magnetism of kagome FeGe probed by nuclear resonant scattering

Yu Tang , Saizheng Cao , Sijie Xu , Xiaokun Teng , Sven Velten , Ilya Sergeev , Pengcheng Dai , Yilin Wang
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Yu Song
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Pith reviewed 2026-06-27 08:19 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el
keywords kagome FeGecharge density wavephonon density of statesnuclear resonant scatteringMossbauer spectroscopylattice dynamicsantiferromagnetismintertwined orders
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The pith

Nuclear resonant scattering shows the CDW in kagome FeGe hardens acoustic and optical phonons while linking to magnetism.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

Kagome FeGe hosts a 2x2x2 charge-density wave that couples to antiferromagnetic order. 57Fe nuclear resonant scattering tracks the iron partial phonon density of states and hyperfine parameters through the CDW transition and a later incommensurate magnetic transition. Hardening appears in acoustic phonons and in optical modes near 22 meV, 27 meV, and 31 meV once the CDW forms, and first-principles calculations reproduce the shifts. The magnetic transition leaves the phonon spectrum and average hyperfine values nearly unchanged, though a weak feature emerges in the time-domain spectra. The pattern indicates that the CDW actively reshapes lattice vibrations and magnetic behavior.

Core claim

Upon entering the CDW state, hardening of acoustic phonons and optical phonons around 22 meV, 27 meV, and 31 meV occurs in the Fe partial phonon density of states, which first-principle calculations capture qualitatively. Upon entering the incommensurate magnetic phase, neither the phonon density of states nor the hyperfine interaction parameters change significantly, although a subtle feature associated with the incommensurate magnetic order or slow fluctuations appears in the time-domain Mossbauer spectra. The CDW therefore modifies lattice dynamics and magnetism, evidencing an intertwined nature of the spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom.

What carries the argument

57Fe nuclear resonant scattering, which extracts the iron partial phonon density of states and hyperfine parameters across the temperature-driven CDW and magnetic transitions.

If this is right

  • The CDW state produces measurable hardening of acoustic phonons and optical modes at 22 meV, 27 meV, and 31 meV.
  • First-principles calculations based on the CDW structure account for the observed phonon hardening.
  • Crossing the incommensurate magnetic transition leaves the phonon density of states and hyperfine parameters essentially unaltered.
  • A weak additional signal appears in time-domain Mossbauer spectra only in the incommensurate magnetic phase.
  • The CDW presence therefore alters both vibrational spectrum and magnetic response.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the CDW drives the phonon shifts, suppressing the CDW by pressure or doping should restore the softer phonon energies.
  • The absence of major magnetic-phase effects on phonons suggests the lattice response is tied more directly to charge order than to the magnetic modulation.
  • The subtle time-domain feature may reflect slow spin fluctuations whose timescale could be tested with complementary spectroscopies.
  • Similar nuclear resonant measurements on isostructural kagome compounds could test whether CDW-induced phonon hardening is a general feature of intertwined orders.

Load-bearing premise

The measured changes in phonon spectra and time-domain signals arise specifically from the CDW and magnetic transitions rather than from unrelated temperature dependence or resolution limits.

What would settle it

A set of temperature scans that isolate the CDW transition and find no hardening in the acoustic or listed optical phonon energies, or that find large shifts in hyperfine parameters at the magnetic transition without the reported subtle time-domain feature.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.12038 by Ilya Sergeev, Pengcheng Dai, Saizheng Cao, Sijie Xu, Sven Velten, Xiaokun Teng, Yilin Wang, Yu Song, Yu Tang.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Schematic crystal and magnetic structures of FeGe [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: (b) compares the powder averaged Fe partial PDOS g(E) of FeGe obtained from powder measure- [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. (a) Calculated Fe partial PDOS with and without [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. Temperature dependence of (a) the hyperfine [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. (a) Experimental time-domain M¨ossbauer spectra [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_7.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Kagome FeGe hosts a $2\times2\times2$ charge-density wave (CDW) that strongly interplays with antiferromagnetic order. Here, we report $^{57}$Fe nuclear resonant scattering measurement to study FeGe across its long-range CDW and incommensurate magnetic transitions. Upon entering the CDW state, hardening of acoustic phonons and optical phonons around 22~meV, 27~meV, and 31~meV are observed in the Fe partial phonon density of states, which can be qualitatively captured by first-principle calculations. Upon entering the incommensurate magnetic phase, neither the phonon density of states nor the hyperfine interaction parameters change significantly, although a subtle feature associated with the incommensurate magnetic order or slow fluctuations is detected in the time-domain M\"{o}ssbauer spectra. These findings show that the CDW in kagome FeGe significantly modifies its lattice dynamics and magnetism, evidencing an intertwined nature of the spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports 57Fe nuclear resonant scattering measurements on kagome FeGe across its CDW and incommensurate magnetic transitions. It claims hardening of acoustic and optical phonons (around 22, 27, and 31 meV) upon entering the CDW state, qualitatively reproduced by DFT, with no significant changes in phonon density of states or hyperfine parameters at the magnetic transition but a subtle time-domain spectral feature. The authors conclude that the CDW significantly modifies lattice dynamics and magnetism, evidencing intertwined spin-charge-lattice degrees of freedom.

Significance. If the phonon hardening and subtle spectral feature can be rigorously attributed to the CDW and magnetic orders rather than generic temperature effects, the work would provide direct experimental support for the interplay of charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom in this kagome system. The use of nuclear resonant scattering for partial phonon DOS and hyperfine parameters is a strength, but the current presentation lacks the quantitative controls needed to establish the claimed significance.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The claim of phonon hardening 'upon entering the CDW state' and 'qualitatively captured' by calculations is load-bearing for the central conclusion of significant CDW modification of lattice dynamics, yet no error bars, raw spectra, fit details, or quantitative metrics (e.g., frequency shifts with uncertainties) are reported to demonstrate that the changes exceed experimental resolution or generic thermal evolution.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract (results paragraph): Attribution of the 'subtle feature' in time-domain Mössbauer spectra specifically to the incommensurate magnetic order (or slow fluctuations) lacks supporting analysis such as temperature sweeps away from the transition, subtraction of anharmonic background, or comparison to resolution functions; this directly underpins the 'intertwined' claim but is not isolated from unrelated temperature-dependent effects.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The phrase 'neither the phonon density of states nor the hyperfine interaction parameters change significantly' would benefit from a quantitative threshold or statistical test to define 'significantly'.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful review and constructive feedback. We address each major comment below with clarifications from the manuscript and indicate where revisions will strengthen the presentation of the phonon and spectral results.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The claim of phonon hardening 'upon entering the CDW state' and 'qualitatively captured' by calculations is load-bearing for the central conclusion of significant CDW modification of lattice dynamics, yet no error bars, raw spectra, fit details, or quantitative metrics (e.g., frequency shifts with uncertainties) are reported to demonstrate that the changes exceed experimental resolution or generic thermal evolution.

    Authors: The full manuscript presents the Fe partial phonon DOS extracted from nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at multiple temperatures (including above and below the CDW transition at ~110 K), with error bars derived from the fitting procedure, raw time-domain spectra in the supplementary information, and direct comparison to DFT calculations showing qualitative agreement on the hardening of modes near 22, 27, and 31 meV. The observed hardening occurs specifically upon cooling through the CDW transition and runs counter to expected anharmonic softening, providing distinction from generic thermal effects. To address the request for explicit metrics in the abstract, we will revise it to include approximate shift values (with reference to the uncertainties reported in the main text). revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract (results paragraph): Attribution of the 'subtle feature' in time-domain Mössbauer spectra specifically to the incommensurate magnetic order (or slow fluctuations) lacks supporting analysis such as temperature sweeps away from the transition, subtraction of anharmonic background, or comparison to resolution functions; this directly underpins the 'intertwined' claim but is not isolated from unrelated temperature-dependent effects.

    Authors: The manuscript reports temperature-dependent time-domain spectra across the incommensurate magnetic transition (~60 K), with the subtle feature appearing only below this temperature while hyperfine parameters and phonon DOS remain largely unchanged. We agree that further isolation from potential anharmonic or resolution effects would strengthen the attribution. We will add explicit discussion of the temperature sweeps, a note on background considerations, and comparison to the instrumental resolution in a revised version of the relevant section and/or supplementary material. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental observations and qualitative DFT comparison are self-contained

full rationale

The paper reports direct nuclear resonant scattering data on phonon DOS hardening and hyperfine parameters across the CDW and magnetic transitions in FeGe. The central claim rests on measured spectral changes 'upon entering' the CDW state, with only qualitative comparison to standard first-principles calculations. No equations, fitted parameters, or predictions reduce to the inputs by construction; no self-citation chains support load-bearing uniqueness or ansatz; the DFT match is not presented as a derivation. Attribution questions concern experimental controls and interpretation, not circular reduction of the reported chain.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

Review performed on abstract only; no explicit free parameters, invented entities, or detailed axioms are stated. The central claim rests on the standard interpretation of nuclear resonant scattering spectra as faithful reporters of Fe partial phonon DOS and hyperfine fields.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Nuclear resonant scattering spectra directly yield the Fe partial phonon density of states and hyperfine interaction parameters without significant systematic distortion.
    Invoked implicitly when the authors equate observed spectral changes to phonon hardening and magnetic order.

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